(a)
To propose: The mechanism for the given reaction.
Interpretation: The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed.
Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the
(b)
To describe: The reason that given reaction readily displaces fluoride as the leaving group.
Interpretation: The reason that given reaction readily displaces fluoride as the leaving group is to be described.
Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.
(c)
To describe: The reason that given reaction stops with the desired products, rather than reacting with another dinitrofluorobenzene.
Interpretation: The reason that given reaction stops with the desired products, rather than reacting with another dinitrofluorobenzene are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- What is the importance of proton transfer in the formation of ester? A.The carbonyl carbon is easily attacked by the nucleophile. B. The oxygen that has been attached to the two alkyl groups will become stable. C. The removal of a bulky substituent attached to the reactive site stabilizes the compound. D. none of the abovearrow_forwarda. Propose a mechanism for the following reaction.b. Explain why two products are formed.c. Explain why methanol substitutes for only one of the bromines.arrow_forwardA certain compound is known to contain an aromatic benzene ring but failed to produce a fragrant yellow solution upon subjecting it to the nitration test. What may be a possible explanation for this? A. The benzene ring is part of a highly conjugated, blue dye molecule. B. The benzene ring contains a strong electron-withdrawing group. C. The benzene ring has no available sites left for electrophilic attack. D. All of the given. Kindly explain your answer in detail.arrow_forward
- Draw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts and the amine side product. N. H. 1. H3O*, heat 2. Neutralizing work-up Type here to searcharrow_forward19) Halohydrin formation from an alkene involves: a. Temporary induction of the dipole moment of a halogen gas.b. Electrophilic attack of pi electrons from the double bond.c. Formation of bromium anion.d. Formation of base as a final product.e. Attack of water molecule as a weak acid.arrow_forwardIn Chapter 18, we will learn about the hydrolysis of acetals to aldehydes and ketones. Four of the seven steps in the mechanism for this process are shown in the conversion of acetal A to hemiacetal E. a.Add curved arrows for each step. b.Draw another resonance structure for C. c.Identify the nucleophile and electrophile in Step [3]. d.Which steps are Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reactions?arrow_forward
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution I. Lewis Acid catalyst Electrophilic addition of Cl2 or Br2 to an aromatic ring requires the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as FeCla, FeBr3, AICI3, or AIBR3. a) Why are these compounds considered Lewis acids? b) Why is a Lewis acid catalyst necessary for Cl2 or Br2 to react with an aromatic ring? c) Draw the side product which will be formed if you attempt to synthesize chlorobenzene using FeBr3 and Cl2. II. Mechanism Consider the mechanism shown below for chlorination of a monosubstituted aromatic ring. CI CI-Fe-C ÇI FeCl, Fe-CI CI FeCla CI ÇI FeCla + HCI + FeCl3 a) In this reaction is the aromatic ring behaving as an electrophile or a nucleophile? b) Why is FeCla considered a catalyst in the reaction shown? c) Which would you expect to be faster, an electrophilc aromatic substitution in which the Z group is an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group? Explain your answer. Below is a chart showing common electron donating and…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement about using curved arrows in polar reaction mechanism is true? a. The nucleophile can be either negatively charged or positively charged. b. The electrophile can be either neutral or positively charged. c. Electrons move from an electrophilic sink to a nucleophilic source. d. None of the above. a b c darrow_forwardDraw the product of the Lewis acid-base reaction. Label the electrophile and nucleophile. Yo FO nucleophile + BF3 electrophile F3B- ✓ edit structure ...arrow_forward
- For each horizontal row of substituted benzenes, indicate a. the one that is the most reactive in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. b. the one that is the least reactive in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. c. the one that yields the highest percentage of meta product in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.arrow_forwardDraw the major product of this reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts. 1. NaBH4 2. H3O+ વ.arrow_forwardFor the structure shown at the right, what type of compound is it? A. an ylide B. a nitrile C. a cyanohydrin D. an imine E. None of the selections are correctarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning