The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination. Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described. Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines . Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Question

a. Write the mechanism for the following reactions:1. the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an imine to a carbonyl compound and a primary amine2. the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an enamine to a carbonyl compound and a secondary amine b. How do the two mechanisms differ?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19.18, Problem 19.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

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a. Write the mechanism for the following reactions:1. the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an imine to a carbonyl compound and a primary amine2. the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an enamine to a carbonyl compound and a secondary amine b. How do the two mechanisms differ?

Which amines cannot be prepared by a Gabriel synthesis? Explain your choices. NH2 NH2 NH2 а. b. C. d.

Show how to convert amines to other functional groups, and devise multistepsyntheses using amines as starting materials and intermediates

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19.18, Problem 19.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19.18, Problem 19.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19.18, Problem 19.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19.18, Problem 19.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 6

Chapter 19.18, Problem 19.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 7

Chapter 19.18, Problem 19.26P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

To describe: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Interpretation: The synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination is to be described.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds which contain the functional groups containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons are amines. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia. They have more than one hydrogen atoms. These hydrogen atoms can replace with an alkyl or aryl group. Amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles due to the unshared electron pair.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 29

Ch. 19.2A - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.2B - Prob. 19.2P Ch. 19.2B - Give correct names for the following amines:Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.4P Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.6 - Rank each set of compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 19.8A - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.8C - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.8C - Prob. 19.9P Ch. 19.8D - a. Show how fragmentation occurs to give the base...

Solution Summary: The author describes the synthesis of the given amine from the indicated starting material by reductive amination.

Chapter 19 Solutions