Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 19, Problem 3Q
To determine
About red dwarf and the reason behind the consumption of hydrogen, during a thermonuclear reaction, from the outer layers of a red dwarf.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
You discover a binary star system in which one member is a 15 solar-mass main-sequence star and the other star is a 10
solar-mass giant. Why should you be surprised, at least at first?
A. It doesn't make sense to find a giant in a binary star system.
B. The two stars in a binary system should both be at the same point in stellar evolution; that is, they should either both
be main-sequence stars or both be giants.
C. The two stars should be the same age, so the more massive one should have become a giant first.
D. The odds of ever finding two such massive stars in the same binary system are so small as to make it inconceivable
that such a system could be discovered.
E. A star with a mass of 15 solar-mass is too big to be a main-sequence star.
For a main sequence star with luminosity L, how many kilograms of hydrogen is being converted into helium per second? Use the formula that you derive to estimate the mass of hydrogen atoms that are converted into helium in the interior of the sun (LSun = 3.9 x 1026 W).
(Note: the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1 mproton and the mass of a helium atom is 3.97 mproton. You need four hydrogen nuclei to form one helium nucleus.)
What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.1 M. neutron star? From a 3.0 M. neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V̟ = V
2GM
; make sure to
express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 1030
kg.)
1.1 M neutron star
km/s
3.0 M. neutron star
km/s
If a neutron star has a radius of 12 km and a temperature of 8.0 x 10° K, how luminous is it? Express your answer in watts and also in solar luminosity units. (Hint: Use the relation
Use 5,800 K for the surface temperature of the Sun. The luminosity of the Sun is 3.83 x 1026 w.)
luminosity in watts
luminosity in solar luminosity units
Chapter 19 Solutions
Universe
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19 - Prob. 5CCCh. 19 - Prob. 6CCCh. 19 - Prob. 7CCCh. 19 - Prob. 8CCCh. 19 - Prob. 9CCCh. 19 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11CCCh. 19 - Prob. 12CCCh. 19 - Prob. 13CCCh. 19 - Prob. 14CCCh. 19 - Prob. 15CCCh. 19 - Prob. 1QCh. 19 - Prob. 2QCh. 19 - Prob. 3QCh. 19 - Prob. 4QCh. 19 - Prob. 5QCh. 19 - Prob. 6QCh. 19 - Prob. 7QCh. 19 - Prob. 8QCh. 19 - Prob. 9QCh. 19 - Prob. 10QCh. 19 - Prob. 11QCh. 19 - Prob. 12QCh. 19 - Prob. 13QCh. 19 - Prob. 14QCh. 19 - Prob. 15QCh. 19 - Prob. 16QCh. 19 - Prob. 17QCh. 19 - Prob. 18QCh. 19 - Prob. 19QCh. 19 - Prob. 20QCh. 19 - Prob. 21QCh. 19 - Prob. 22QCh. 19 - Prob. 23QCh. 19 - Prob. 24QCh. 19 - Prob. 25QCh. 19 - Prob. 26QCh. 19 - Prob. 27QCh. 19 - Prob. 28QCh. 19 - Prob. 29QCh. 19 - Prob. 30QCh. 19 - Prob. 31QCh. 19 - Prob. 32QCh. 19 - Prob. 33QCh. 19 - Prob. 34QCh. 19 - Prob. 35QCh. 19 - Prob. 36QCh. 19 - Prob. 37QCh. 19 - Prob. 38QCh. 19 - Prob. 39QCh. 19 - Prob. 40QCh. 19 - Prob. 41QCh. 19 - Prob. 42QCh. 19 - Prob. 43QCh. 19 - Prob. 44QCh. 19 - Prob. 45QCh. 19 - Prob. 46QCh. 19 - Prob. 47QCh. 19 - Prob. 48QCh. 19 - Prob. 49QCh. 19 - Prob. 50QCh. 19 - Prob. 51QCh. 19 - Prob. 52QCh. 19 - Prob. 53QCh. 19 - Prob. 61Q
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What kind of star is most likely to become a white-dwarf supernova? A. a star like our Sun B. a white dwarf star with a red giant binary companion C. a pulsar D. an O star Is the answer B? For D, as the surface temperature of a star would change over time so spectral type cannot tell us about the fate of the stars?arrow_forwardA 46M Sun main sequence star loses 1 Msun of mass over 105 years. (Due to the nature of this problem, do not use rounded intermediate values in your calculations including answers submitted in WebAssign.) How many solar masses did it lose in a year? By how much will its luminosity decrease if this mass loss continues over 0.8 million years? Due to the nature of this problem, for all parts, do not use rounded intermediate values in your calculations-including answers submitted in WebAssign. To determine the number of solar masses lost per year, divide the mass lost by the number of years over which it was lost. Mlost tlost-yr Part 1 of 3 dM = dM = MSun/yrarrow_forwardAll massive main sequence stars reside in clouds of glowing gas. The four powerful stars in the center of the Orion Nebula are good examples. Lower mass stars like the Sun generally don't have clouds of gas around them. a. Why do powerful stars reside in gas clouds? b. What is making the gas glow exactly? For the last question, refer to the surface temperature of these stars, and to Wien's Law.arrow_forward
- Choose the correct statements from the following list referring to white dwarfs. (Give ALL correct answers, i.e. B, AB, BCD...) A) Stars with a mass like the Sun will end up as a white dwarf star. B) White dwarfs with mass greater than 1.4 times the Sun's mass cannot exist. C) White dwarfs are less dense than red giants. D) The pressure that balances gravity in a white dwarf is called degenerate electron pressure. E) White dwarfs cool slowly because they are small and eventually fade-out to become black dwarfs. F) The power source of white dwarfs is left-over heat. G) White dwarfs are the coolest main sequence stars.arrow_forwardWhat is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.1 M. neutron star? From a 3.0 M, neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V̟ = 2GM -; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 × 1030 kg.) 1.1 M neutron star km/s 3.0 M. neutron star km/s If a neutron star has a radius of 12 km and a temperature of 8.0 x 10° K, how luminous is it? Express your answer in watts and also in solar luminosity units. (Hint: Use the relation . Use 5,800 K for the surface temperature of the Sun. The luminosity of the Sun is 3.83 x 1026 W.) luminosity in watts luminosity in solar luminosity units Loarrow_forward3. a) Explain how it is possible for the core of a red giant to contract at the same time that its outer layers expand. b) What is the asymptotic giant branch? Where is it located on a Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram? Describe how asymptotic giant branch stars differ from main-sequence stars and stars on the red giant branch.arrow_forward
- . The radius of the nebula is about 0.401 light-years. The gas is expanding away from the star at a rate of about 37 kilometers/second . Considering that distance = velocity x time, calculate how long ago the gas left the star if its speed has been constant the whole time. Make sure you use consistent units for time, speed, and distance. Answer in years.arrow_forwardWhat happens to a White Dwarf's radius if a little mass is added? What happens if a companion star dumps matter on top of a white dwarf and raises the mass to 1.4 times the mass of the Sun?arrow_forwardPlace the following events in the formation of stars in the proper chronological sequence, with the oldest first and the youngest last. w. the gas and dust in the nebula flatten to a disk shape due to gravity and a steadily increasing rate of angular rotation x. a star emerges when the mass is great enough and the temperature is high enough to trigger thermonuclear fusion in the core y. the rotation of the nebular cloud increases as gas and dust concentrates by gravity within the growing protostar in the center z. some force, perhaps from a nearby supernova, imparts a rotation to a nebular cloud y, then z, then w, then x z, then y, then w, then x w, then y, then z, then x z, then x, then w, then y x, then z, then y, then w MacBook Air on .H. O O O Oarrow_forward
- A. Estimate the surface gravity of a neutron star with R = 10 km and M = 2M. . B. Determine the density of such a neutron star in g/cm³. C. How much would a teaspoon (5 cm³) of this neutron star weigh on Earth? This material is known as neutronium. Give your answer in pounds. D. Which would be heavier: a teaspoon of neutronium weighed on Earth, or a teaspoon of water weighed on the surface of a neutron star?arrow_forward1. The neutrino flux from SN 1987A was estimated to be 1.3 x 1014 m-2 at the location of Earth. If the average energy per neutrino was approximately 4.2 MeV, estimate the total amount of energy in joules released via neutrinos during the supernova explosion. (SN 1987A was located in the LMC at a distance of 50 kpc.).arrow_forward2GM What is the escape velocity (in km/s) from the surface of a 1.6 Mo neutron star? From a 3.0 M. neutron star? (Hint: Use the formula for escape velocity, V. ; make sure to express quantities in units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. Assume a neutron star has a radius of 11 km and assume the mass of the Sun is 1.99 x 1030 kg.) 1.6 Mo neutron star km/s 3.0 Me neutron star km/sarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399944Author:Michael A. SeedsPublisher:Cengage Learning
AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStax
Stars and GalaxiesPhysicsISBN:9781305120785Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399920
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399944
Author:Michael A. Seeds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9781938168284
Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher:OpenStax
Stars and Galaxies
Physics
ISBN:9781305120785
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning