Biochemistry
Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 6P

Δ pH and Δ ψ in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force (Integrates with Chapter 20.) In mitochondria, the membrane potential ( Δ ψ ) contributes relatively more to Δ p (proton-motive force) than does the pH gradient ( Δ pH). The reverse is true in chloroplasts. Why do you suppose that the proton-motive force in chloroplasts can depend more on Δ pH than mitochondria can? Why is ( Δ ψ ) less in chloroplasts than in mitochondria?

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Photosyntheis related question (s): When protons move out of the thylakoid, are they moving up or down their concentration gradient? (From low to high concentration or from high to low concentration?)    What protein(s) facilitate the transport of protons out of the thylakoid?   We can write the formula for photosynthesis as follows: 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 How would you write a formula for the light reactions? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant? How would you write a formula for the Calvin cycle? Include ATP, ADP, NADP and NADPH as relevant.
Oxygenic photosynthesis in eukaryotes (in the chloroplasts of green algae and green plants) consumeswhich of the following substrate molecules (to generate glucose, water, and oxygen product molecules)?A. C12H22O11 + H2OB. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2OC. 6CO2 + 12H2OD. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6E. 6CO2 + 12H2S
In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.
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