Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 27, Problem 15P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The effect of an altered NAD+/NADH ratios and the basis of this effects should be explained.
Concept introduction:
The heart is at highest risk if excessive alcohol is consumed as it increases the acyl glycerol levels in the blood which is a sort of fat. The high level contributes to the development of dangerous health conditions like heart condition and polygenic disease.
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TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic regulation
TCA cycle (Ch. 16)
1. The citric acid cycle has eight enzymes: citrate synthase, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase,
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase,
and malate dehydrogenase.
(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction catalyzed by each enzyme.
(b) Name the cofactor(s) required by each enzyme reaction.
(c) For each enzyme determine which of the following describes the type of reaction(s)
catalyzed: condensation (carbon–carbon bond formation); dehydration (loss of water); hydration
(addition of water); decarboxylation (loss of CO2); oxidation-reduction; substrate-level
phosphorylation; isomerization.
(d) Write a balanced net equation for the catabolism of acetyl-CoA to CO2.
HANDOUT C
Glucose-6 Phosphate
Dehydrogenase and TPI Deficiencies
Glucose-6-P
GSH + GSH
Reduced
glutathione
2 H+
NADP+
H₂O₂
Hydrogen
peroxide
Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase
Superoxide
radical
NADPH + H+
6-Phosphogluconolactone
GSSG
Glutathione Oxidized
reductase
Glutathione
peroxidase
Aerobic respiration,
drugs, fava beans
glutathione
2 H₂O Detoxification
SOD: superoxide dismutase
GPx: glutathione peroxidase
HK: hexokinase
GSSG and GSH: glutathione, oxidized and reduced forms,
respectively
CAT: catalase
The diagram above gives important details about the HMP shunt. Superoxides/free radicals dis-
rupt membrane lipids, causing changes in membrane permeability. The HMP shunt is expressed
in liver cells, red blood cells, and in lipid-producing tissues.
1. Discuss how glycolysis is affected in G6PD patients, using the diagrams to explain your
response.
2. How does this effect differ from TPI patients?
3. Why are red blood cells, but not the nervous system, affected in G6PD patients?
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- Additional information: ATP production by the ETC and ATP Synthase per glucose varies somewhat depending on the energy required to move NADH into the mitochondria and other energy uses for the hydrogen-ion gradient. Additional questions: 1.) How many ATP's are generally yielded by oxidative phosphorylation from the catabolism of one glucose? 2.) Summarize the total ATP's obtained from a single molecule of glucose, from start to finish? asaparrow_forwardWorksheet on Computation of ATP yield from Fatty acid metabolism. Consider docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label alpha (a) and beta ( B) carbons b. Draw the acyl COA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B- oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complex catabolism of this fatty acid.arrow_forwardAll steps in the calculations must be reported, incomplete reporting of these leads directly to return. Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecules can be formed from the degradation of an acetyl-CoA molecule to carbon dioxide and water if the entire proton gradient across the mitochondria's inner membrane can be used for ATP production and when the ATP synthase has 15 c-subunits.arrow_forward
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