Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 37.3, Problem 3TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Most digestion of food and nutrients absorption occurs in the small intestine. Hydrolytic enzymes break down the organic nutrient macromolecules into monomers. Vitamins and minerals do not need enzymatic digestion and they are easily absorbed in the small intestine. The absorption and digestion are mostly supported by mucosal infolding and specialization along the small intestine length.
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You eat a cheeseburger. Describe the process by which the protein, carbohydrates and fats are broken down. Include the locations of each step.
Explain how the final products of digestion are absorbed (separately for fat, protein and carbohydrates. Include where this happens, and where they go after.
Explain what ingredients in the cheeseburger provide each type of nutrient.
You eat a cheeseburger. Describe the process by which the proteins are broken down. Include the locations of each step.
Explain how the final products of digestion are absorbed. Include where this happens, and where they go after.
Explain what ingredients in the cheeseburger provide each type of nutrient
Digestion of foodstuff: Fill in the table below with the substrate and product of each digestive enzyme. You do not have to be specific (you can say “sugars” rather than “glucose and fructose.”
ENZYME
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
ORGAN OF PRODUCTION
SITE OF ACTION
OPTIMAL pH
Salivary Amylase
Starch
Sugar
Salivary Glands
Oral Cavity
Neutral
Pancreatic Amylase
Salivary Lipase
Pancreatic Lipase
Pepsin
Trypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Nucleosidase
Chapter 37 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.1 - Which statement is false? Water is an inorganic...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.3 - Are the transport processes shown here, including...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.3 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 37.4 - During the absorptive state, an animal is fasting....Ch. 37.4 - Gluconeogenesis occurs when the liver synthesizes...Ch. 37.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 37.5 - Insulin primarily regulates blood glucose...Ch. 37.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 37.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 37.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 37.8 - Note that modem medical technology is using a...Ch. 37.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 37.8 - Hemodialysis is the treatment of choice for people...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1TYCh. 37 - Prob. 2TYCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYCh. 37 - Prob. 4TYCh. 37 - Prob. 5TYCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYCh. 37 - Prob. 7TYCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYCh. 37 - In the mammalian kidney, filtration is driven by...Ch. 37 - Which of the following cause(s) an increase in Na+...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 37 - List and define the major processes involved in...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 37 - Discuss the major ways in which glucose...Ch. 37 - Briefly discuss the parts mid functions of the...
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- Individuals who are lactose intolerant do not produce enough of the enzyme in the to properly digest lactose. O Lactase; spleen O Lactase; large intestine Galactose; stomach Lactase; small intestinearrow_forwardChoose the correct steps of lipid digestion. Emulsification in the stomach due to the grinding and mixing - emulsification is enhanced by bile salts → triacylglycerols of lipids are degraded to water and monoacylglycerol by lipases in the lumen of the small intestine. Formation of micelles in the stomach due to the grinding and mixing → triacylglycerols of lipids are degraded to free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol by lipases in the lumen of the small intestine. Emulsification in the stomach due to grinding and mixing → emulsification is enhanced by bile salts in the intestine → triacylglycerols of lipids are degraded to free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol by lipases in the lumen of the small intestine. Emulsification in the intestine due to the grinding and mixing → emulsification is enhanced by bile salts in the stomach → triacylglycerols of lipids are degraded to free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol by lipases in the lumen of the small intestine. Emulsification by bile salts in…arrow_forwardThese are involved in the digestion of fat (Select all that apply). Bile Cholecystokinin Gastric lipase Gastrin Gastric amylase Lingual Lipasearrow_forward
- Why would a person who is fasting have high levels of acetyl-CoA? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentence on the right. body fat Fasting decreases the intake of muscle proteins body breaks down molecules. carbohydrates fiber glycogen Reset which is needed for energy. Without this/them, the for energy. This results in the production of many acetyl-CoA Helparrow_forwardArrange the following statements reagarding the process of protien metabolism starting from 1 to step 10. Conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin by HCl Enters the Kreb Cycle Removal of basic and acidic functional groups Conversion to individual amino acids Glutamate becomes alpha-ketoglutarate Active transport takes place Acidic denaturation and hydrolysis of proteins Mechanical digestion to go to the small intestines Conversion of proteins to simpler polypeptides Shuffling of amino group to generate glutamatearrow_forwardIdentify the original site of these chemical secretions- these should be labeled on the diagram: Pepsin HCL (hydrochloric acid) Sucrase Lactase Maltase Bile Salivary amylase Pancreatic lipase Pancreatic amylase Aminopeptidase Sodium Bicarbonate Trypsin Carboxypeptidase Insulin Glucagonarrow_forward
- Digestion of foodstuff: Fill in the table below with the substrate and product of each digestive enzyme. You do not have to be specific (you can say “sugars” rather than “glucose and fructose.” ENZYME SUBSTRATE PRODUCT ORGAN OF PRODUCTION SITE OF ACTION OPTIMAL pH Salivary Amylase Starch Sugar Salivary Glands Oral Cavity Neutral Pepsin Trypsin Carboxypeptidase Nucleosidasearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about protein digestion are true? Check all that apply. ► View Available Hint(s) Pepsin is active only in an acidic environment. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures proteins and activates some enzymes. The tertiary and secondary structures of proteins unfold due to the action of the enzymes in the gut. Most of the hydrolysis of polypeptides takes place in the small intestine. Some proteins are broken down into amino acids by the process of chewing. The primary structure of a protein is destroyed by hydrolysis. Karrow_forwardArrange the following statements regarding the processes of protein metabolism starting from Step 1 to Step 10 Acidic denaturation and hydrolysis of proteins Enters the Kreb Cycle Mechanical digestion to go to the small intestines Shuffling of amino group to generate glutamate Active transport takes place Removal of basic and acidic functional groups Conversion to individual amino acids Glutamate becomes alpha-ketoglutarate Conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin by HCl Conversion of proteins to simpler polypeptidesarrow_forward
- إجابتك .Role of liver in carbohydrate and lipid metabolismarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describe protein digestion? . Protein digestion is a hydrolytic process regulated by pH changes in the gastro-intestinal track, and hormonal and enzyme releases at various stages of digestion. .. Protein digestion occurs during the gastric phase of digestion starting in the stomach. Protein digestion cleaves peptide bonds releasing peptides, and amino acids Protein digestion is a hydrolytic process involving proteases/ proteinases Protein digestion occurs at the active site of proteases and is effected by the catalytic triads.arrow_forwardProteins are broken down in the by enzymes. Word Bank: Salivary amylase Pepsin Pancreas Lipase Small intestine Mouth Stomach Maltasearrow_forward
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