General Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809261
Author: John E. McMurry, Robert C. Fay
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.85CHP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Three resonance forms of Naphthalene has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Resonance hybrid:
Sum of valid electron dot structure of a molecule is called resonance hybrid. It shows overall delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
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Fill in the multiple bonds in the following model of naphthalene, C10H8 (gravy = C, ivory = H). How many resonance structures does naphthalene have? Draw them.
2. Both pairs below show arrangements of the same (fictional) formula: A,X Which pair (a orb) represents resonance structures? Explain.
a)
A X=A
A =X
b)
A X=A
A XEA
A
Three major contributing resonance structures are possible for the following cation. One is given below.
Draw the remaining structures (in any order), including nonbonding electrons and formal charges. Omit
curved arrows.
н
н
CH3З
Which contributes most to the hybrid?
The structure with the positive charge on sulfur.
All contribute equally.
O The structures with the positive charge on carbon.
Chapter 4 Solutions
General Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.3CPCh. 4.4 - Use the electronegativity values in Figure 4.4 to...Ch. 4.4 - Order the following compounds according to the...Ch. 4.4 - An electrostatic potential map of water is shown...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4.5 - Write formulas for compounds with the following...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.9CPCh. 4.6 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...
Ch. 4.6 - Draw an electron-dot structure for the hydronium...Ch. 4.7 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...Ch. 4.7 - There are two molecules with the formula C2H6O....Ch. 4.7 - The following structure is a representation of...Ch. 4.8 - Carbon monoxide, CO, is a deadly gas produced by...Ch. 4.8 - Draw an electron-dot structure for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4.9 - Draw as many resonance structures as possible for...Ch. 4.9 - The following structure shows the connections...Ch. 4.10 - Calculate the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 4.10 - Calculate the formal charge on each atom in the...Ch. 4.10 - What is a radical, and why are they so reactive?Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4.10 - Draw an electron-dot structure for the ethyl...Ch. 4 - Two electrostatic potential maps are shown, one of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.27CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28CPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.29CPCh. 4 - Sinapaldehyde, a compound present in the toasted...Ch. 4 - Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has the following...Ch. 4 - What general trends in electronegativity occur in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.33SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.34SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.37SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.38SPCh. 4 - Show the direction of polarity for each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.40SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.41SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.42SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.48SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.49SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50SPCh. 4 - Which of the following substances contains an atom...Ch. 4 - Draw electron-dot structures for the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.53SPCh. 4 - Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is a mildly poisonous...Ch. 4 - Draw an electron-dot structure for carbon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.56SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.59SPCh. 4 - Methylphenidate (C14H19NO2), marketed as Ritalin,...Ch. 4 - Pregabalin (C8H17NO2), marketed as Lyrica, is an...Ch. 4 - Draw as many resonance structures as you can that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.63SPCh. 4 - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 4 - Which of the following pairs of structures...Ch. 4 - Draw an electron-dot structure for carbon...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.67SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.68SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.70SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.71SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73SPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74CHPCh. 4 - Thiofulminic acid, , is a highly reactive...Ch. 4 - Draw two resonance structures for methyl...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.78CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.79CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.81CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.82CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.83CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.84CHPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.85CHPCh. 4 - Sulfur reacts with chlorine to give a product that...Ch. 4 - Sulfur reacts with ammonia to give a product A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88MPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.89MP
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- Draw the three resonance structures for (a) the cyanate ion (NCO−) and (b) the isocyanate ion (CNO−). In each case, rank the resonance structures in order of increasing importance. Be sure to include all lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges.a) NCO−arrow_forwardIn the compound below, identify all carbon atoms that are electron deficient (8+) and all carbon atoms that are electron rich (d-). Justify your answer by drawing the correct resonance structures. H had H Harrow_forwardNido-CB5H9 Does this molecule have resonance structures? If so, draw each structure.arrow_forward
- Based on the atom connectivity shown bellow,evaluate the four resonance structure for the thiosulfate ion S2O3 ^2-. Use curved arrows to indicate how you get from one resonance structure to another. Assign formal changes to all atoms and determine which of these resonance structure is the most stable based on a formal charge analysis Explain your answer thoroughly. Look at the picture.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are correct resonance structure(s) for compound A? O A O I and II O II and III III and IV OI, II and III O I and IV میں میں ہی ہیں 11arrow_forwardhelp Be sure to answer all parts. Chloral, Cl3C―CH═O, reacts with water to form the sedative and hypnotic agent chloral hydrate, Cl3C―CH(OH)2. Draw Lewis structures for each of these substances. Draw them in decreasing molecular weight from left to right.arrow_forward
- A resonance hybrid is a structure that can be depicted by more than one valid Lewis structure. part1: Draw the major resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons. part2: Draw the second most important resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.arrow_forwardA resonance hybrid is a structure that can be depicted by more than one valid Lewis structure. part1: Draw the major resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons. part2: Draw the second most important resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons. part3: Draw the least important resonance contributor for fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized and should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.arrow_forwardThe cyanate ion is an anion consisting of one oxygen atom, one carbon atom, and onenitrogen atom, [OCN], in that order. a) Write three (3) resonance contributing structures for the cyanate ion. Show formalcharges.b) Based on your contributing structures, predict the O-C-N bond angle.arrow_forward
- Which of the following resonance structure for OCN- will contribute most to the correct structure of OCN-? O = C-N, with one lone pair on O and three lone pairs on N O=C=N, with two lone pairs on O, and two lone pairs on N O=C=N, with one lone pair on O, two lone pairs on C, and one lone pair on N O-C = N, with three lone pairs on O and one lone pair on N They All contribute equally to the structure on OCN-arrow_forwardThe following is a skeleton of a molecular anion having the overall formula C7H6NO–. The H atoms are not shown. Starting with the structure drawn below, complete the Lewis structure by adding all H atoms, valence electrons, and π bonds. This structure will have a –1 formal charge on the oxygen.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures and any contributing resonance structures for each structure below. Use the proper type of arrow to indicate that they are resonance structures. In which structure is resonance more important? (a) H2SO3 (b) (HSO3)^1- (c) (SO3)^2-arrow_forward
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