Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393663556
Author: Joel Karty
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9.5P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
It is to be determined if
Concept introduction:
The distinction between strong and weak nucleophiles is empirical.
Generally, the nucleophiles that are charged (total charge -1) are considered to be strong nucleophiles while neutral nucleophiles are considered to be weak nucleophiles.
Strong, negatively charged nucleophiles tend to favour
Weak, uncharged nucleophiles tend to favour
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
46. The Strength of Nucleophile: Which one is the
strongest nucleophile?
OH
(B) 0-CH,
-CH,
(D)
O (C)
O (A)
O (D)
O (B)
Consider this reaction:
Br
CH;OH
Br-Br
H3CO
The mechanism proceeds through a first cationic intermediate, intermediate 1. Nucleophilic attack leads to intermediate 2, which goes on to form the final product. In cases that involve a
negatively charged nucleophile, the attack of the nucleophile leads directly to the product.
Br
+ CH3OH
Br
Intermediate 1
Intermediate 2
(product)
In a similar fashion, draw intermediate 1 and intermediate 2 (final product) for the following reaction.
OH
+ Br2
+ HBr
Br
racemic mixture
The following figure shows the energy profile of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Potential energy
:ÖH
H
HII.C
H
C-1
H
HO--C---I
HH
Reaction coordinate
H
-CH
HO–CHITH
H
+ 1
According to this, it is correct to affirm:
O The activation energy (4G°) shows that it is thermodynamically favorable.
O Represents a reaction that occurs in one step where a pentavalent chemical species is
formed.
O The intermediate has lower energy than any transition state.
O The formation of the intermediate releases energy and is therefore thermodynamically
favourable.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.2PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.3PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.4PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.5PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.7PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.8PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.9PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.10P
Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.11PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.17PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.18PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.19PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.20PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.21PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.22PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.23PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.24PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.25PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.26PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.27PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.28PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.29PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.30PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.31PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.32PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.33PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.34PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.35PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.36PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.37PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.38PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.39PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.40PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.41PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.42PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.43PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.44PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.45PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.46PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.47PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.48PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.49PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.50PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.51PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.52PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.53PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.54PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.55PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.56PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.57PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.58PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.59PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.60PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.61PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.62PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.63PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.64PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.65PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.66PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.67PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.68PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.69PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.70PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.71PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.72PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.73PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.74PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.75PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.76PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.77PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.78PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.79PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.80PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.81PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.82PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.83PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.84PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.1YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.2YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.3YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.4YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.5YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.7YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.8YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.9YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.10YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.11YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14YTCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15YT
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