Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9.6, Problem 2CC
After they have replicated and become compacted in preparation for cell division, chromosomes are often shaped like an X, as in part (f) of this figure. Which proteins are primarily responsible for this X shape?
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Students have asked these similar questions
a) How come cells in a multicellular organism look different and have different functions?
b) How could this be linked to the chromatin structure?
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is tightly packed in the form of chromatin. His-
tones are positively charged proteins. Negatively charged DNA wraps tightly
around these proteins to form nucleosomes. Additionally, there are other
mechanisms for the compaction of chromatin.
(a) Which histone(s) are critical for higher-order chromatin structure?
(b) What are the non-histone proteins responsible for structural
maintenance of chromosomes?
(c) To initiate transcription, compact DNA must partially unwind. Explain
the role of histones in this process.
(d) Micrococcal nuclease can cleaves DNA at sites where it can access DNA
without any specificity of binding to a particular sequence. If chromatin is
digested with this nuclease, even for longer periods, a uniform length of
146 bp DNA fragments will be formed. Explain.
The term heterochromatin refers to heavily condensed regions of chromosomes that are largely devoid of genes. Since few genes exist there, these regions almost never decondense for transcription. At what point during the cell cycle would expect to observe decondensation of heterochromatic regions? Why?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 9.1 - Look ahead to Figure 17.10. How does bacterial...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - A nucleotide composed of deoxyribose, phosphate,...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.3 - To determine the structure of DNA, Watson and...
Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.6 - A nucleosome is composed of 146 bp or 147 bp of...Ch. 9.6 - After they have replicated and become compacted in...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 9.6 - Which of the following is the correct order for...Ch. 9 - What is/are the main component(s) of chromosomes?...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Of the following statements, which is correct when...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6TYCh. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - The conversion of euchromatin into heterochromatin...Ch. 9 - What are the four criteria that the genetic...Ch. 9 - What are the key features of DNA that allow it to...Ch. 9 - PRINCIPLES A principle of bioloy is that structure...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 9 - Prob. 2CBQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is chromatin condensation?arrow_forwardWhy does chromatin condense during apoptosis?arrow_forward7. Progression from metaphase to anaphase in the cell cycle, and subsequent exit from anaphase, requires sequential events involving the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). APC is a multi- protein complex that has ubiquitin ligase activity (see pp. 611-612 in your textbook re: ubiquitin). When APC adds adds ubiquitin to a substrate protein, the protein is targeted for degradation by the proteasome. Two important substrates of APC are the proteins securin and cyclin B. Destruction of securin allows the separation of sister chromatids at the beginning of anaphase, whereas subsequent destruction of cyclin B allows cells to exit anaphase (see Figure 24-18 in your textbook). APC Cdh-1 Cdc20- Securin Mitotic cyclins Cohesin G1 Metaphase Anaphase For APC to bind specific substrates, it requires unique adaptor proteins that help it to recognize its substrates. The adaptor protein Cdc20 allows APC to recognize and ubiquitinate securin, while the adaptor Cdh-1 allows APC to recognize and…arrow_forward
- You are investigating a lysosomal storage disease and you discover that newly synthesized lysosome hydrolases (proteins that should be sent to the lysosome) are secreted from the cells rather than being delivered to the lysosomes (where they should normally be located). What is the most likely explanation for this finding? (Hint: what might be different about the proteins that would cause them to not end up in the correct location?)arrow_forwardOne change observed at the centrosomes early in mitosis is an increase in the number of γ-TURCcomplexes (which contain γ-tubulin.).How does the presence of γ-tubulin affect the balance between microtubule assembly & disassembly? Why might having more of it present in the centrosomal region be beneficial in the spindle assembly process?arrow_forwardConsider the figure beow, which depicts chromatin within the neucleus of a eukaryotic cell. nucleus O The letter A indicates regions of a single chromosome which are not expressed, and the letter B indicates regions of a single chromosome which are expressed. O Both answer choice A and answer choice B are correct. The letter A indicates regions of a single chromosome which are condensed and attached to the nuclear lamina, and the letter B indicates regions of a single chromosome which are partially decondensed. O Answer choices A, B and C are all correct. O The letter A represents repressed TADS, and the letter B represents active TADS.arrow_forward
- Which one of the following statements about nucleosomes is false? a) The DNA double helix wraps around the nucleosome. b) The sequence of amino acid in a histone tail is altered during chromatin remodeling. c) A nucleosome is composed of 8 histone proteins; two copies of each type of histone. d) A large percent of the nucleosome is positively charged.arrow_forwardHow does KU proteins promote DNA repair during mitosis? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat difference exists between the compaction of chromosomes during metaphase versus interphase? Give at least one reason why this difference may be necessary.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is TRUE? None of these are TRUE Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted, overlapping, and intertwined with each other within the nucleus. Radial loops in the condensing chromosome are formed due to interactions between 30 nm fibers and the scaffolding proteins of the nuclear matrix - producing the 300 nm fiber of the chromosome Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted and do not associate with histones until the cell is preparing to divide. Interphase chromosomes are also known as euchromatin. Condensed, metaphase chromosomes are also known as heterochromatin.arrow_forwardRather surprisingly, some cellular components that we know best from our study of nuclear protein traffic also appear to be involved in the process of spindle assembly. These include Ran GEF (which, as you may recall, is bound to chromatin – an association that apparently continues even when the nuclear envelope breaks down at the onset of mitosis) and importin-β. Now think back to the process of nuclear protein import. To which form of Ran (Ran-GDP or Ran-GTP) does importin-β bind and what is the significance of that interaction with respect to the efficiency of delivery of import “cargo” to the nucleus? To which form of Ran (Ran-GDP or Ran-GTP) do exportins bind and what is the significance of that interaction with respect to the efficiency of delivery of export “cargo” to the cytoplasm?arrow_forwardA cell in G1 of interphase has 8 chromatins. How many chromosomes and how many DNA molecules will be found per cell as this cell progresses through the following stages: a) metaphase b) anaphase c) after cytokinesis in mitosis d) metaphase I e) anaphase I f) metaphase II g) anaphase II h) after cytokinesis of meiosis IIarrow_forward
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