31. Human cancer cell lines can be implanted into immunocompromised host mice in order to form tumors termed: A. Xenografts B. Pericytes C. Nidogens D. Lymphocytes
Q: What is a biomarker? a. the color coding of different genes b. a protein that is uniquely produced…
A: Answer is b.)
Q: Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy…
A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene which regulates cell cycle.
Q: Overexpression of Mdr1 in cancer cells causes the cells to be a. Apoptotic b. Susceptible to…
A: MDR is a P-glycoprotein family gene having MDR1 & MDR2 members. MDR1 gene expresses and forms…
Q: 1. One of the following sentences is NOT correct A. P53 is an example of tumour suppressor gene B.…
A: The connective tissue is a fundamental type of animal tissue i.e., most abundant type of animal…
Q: 1. Give the correct term for each of the follow : a. Viruses that contain an enzyme that copies are…
A: The immune system is a defense system of the body against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria which…
Q: IENCE al TestsniR ipes TChristan Schionls raw 42. When would it be correct to reject any art…
A: Cancer is the type of disease in which the abnormal cells are used to divide without any control and…
Q: With regard to cancer cells, which of the following are true? DA Cancer cells are clonal, meaning…
A: Ans: Cancer: It is the uncontrolled growth of cells in response to or due to mutation.
Q: 5. Link the following 3 proteins with the most appropriate 3 cancer hallmarks: a) Matrix…
A: Introduction:- Cancer is a disease that develops when cells divide uncontrolled and spread…
Q: ene therapy approaches have been studied for cancer gene therapy. These approaches include? (select…
A: Cancer Cancer is a serious disease marked by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell division of cells…
Q: 2. What works against an oncogene? A. oncogene mediator B. tumor suppressor gene C. mutation gene D.…
A: A gene involved in regular cell proliferation that has been altered to become an oncogene. Oncogenes…
Q: 47. hTERT is repressed in these cells: A. Germ cells B. Tumor cells C. Somatic cells D. A and B
A: hTERT is represses in the cells.
Q: Antigenic drift refers to: A.The reassortment of genomic segments from different viruses B.Cytotoxic…
A: The immune response or immune reaction is produced by the immune system against the antigen that…
Q: What makes Teratomas so different from other types of cancers? A. Easily diagnosable B. Has a…
A: Cancers are not infectious, option D is wrong.
Q: Explain the connection between the founder and the G8-C marker.
A: In this example the original mutation that caused the huntington allele occurred in a germline cell…
Q: 29. In lecture, we discussed some of the new platforms for COVID-19 vaccines. Adenovirus-vector…
A: Vaccines are agents that enable an individual to gain active acquired immunity against a specific…
Q: A cell in this stage of cancer no longer makes the set of proteins that is was originally instructed…
A: There are 3 pre cancerous stages - 1) hyperplasia 2) dysplasia 3) carcinoma in situ Hyperplasia-…
Q: 99) An example of an oncogenic protein is a. E7 protein of HPV b. E6 protein of the HIV-1 protein c.…
A: A gene that has been mutated (modified) from a normal cell growth gene. Cancer cells may be caused…
Q: The chapter points out that about one of every five women and one of every four men in the United…
A: Cancer It is defined as growth of abnormal cells characterized by cellular malfunction.…
Q: Why would the failure of the p53 tumor supressor gene be more likely to cause cancer in a seventy…
A: Tumor protein p53, which plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage, is one of the…
Q: What can you say about inactivated vaccines, what lies behind the concerns about their use and what…
A: Vaccines are dialogic mixture containing the germs that cause specific disease. There are several…
Q: 15) Cancer-predisposing genes may: a. Enhance the host’s immune ability to recognize and eradicate…
A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergoes continuous cycle without stopping and doesn’t…
Q: 1. The location of hemophilia C- factor XI is 4q35, where exactly is it? Describe. 2. Referring to…
A: Chromosomes carry several genes and their exact location is called as loci. It is represented by…
Q: Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is…
A: Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells, meaning they can divide into more stem cells or…
Q: 1. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular…
A: The phenomenon of vaccination that causes immunization of an individual against certain diseases is…
Q: Over time, cancer cells are known to produce weakly antigenic variants of cell surface proteins.…
A: Tumour antigens are those that are displayed on the surface of tumour cells by MHC class I or II…
Q: Describe how a transgenic mouse is created and describe an experiment it could be used in.
A: As per our company guideline we are supposed to answer only 1st question or 1st 3 sub parts of the…
Q: Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single…
A: The medical condition of cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth pattern of the cells…
Q: 1. A patient has a mutated BRCA2 gene and a normal BRCA1 gene. Select the TWO answers that are…
A: The genes are the genetic information that are inherited from the parental generation by the…
Q: Notice the comment that after treatment your CD4 count should rise. Why does treatment allow CD4s to…
A: CD4 are white blood cells that fights pathogens and is essential part of immune system.The number of…
Q: 4. The following applies for humans and not birds? A. lack of lymph nodes B. somatic DNA…
A: Recombination is the production of new DNA molecule (s) from two parental DNA molecules or different…
Q: Explain the factors that reactivate the dormant herpes simplex virus (2 pts) How can a defect…
A: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes herpes. The two firms of HSV are HSV-1 (causes oral herpes with…
Q: Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a…
A: Note- as we are allowed to do only one question at a time. Kindly repost the other question…
Q: What is serum? A. Help cells grown in a Petri dish even when important nutrients are present B.…
A: Cell culture is a technique of growing the cells in artificial favorable environment and these cells…
Q: mutated gene that transforms a normal cell into a tumor cell is called a a. oncogene. b.…
A: Mutations are the changes in the genetic makeup of the individual which results in the expression of…
Q: 5) A family has a newborn child with genetic disorder ABC, you want to confirm that the patient in…
A: Chromatogram: this is also called as electrophorogram. Electrophorogram is a visual representation…
Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…
A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…
Q: 9. Epigenetic Carcinogens a) produce collagenase in order to dissolve basement membranes of cells…
A: C. Epigenetic carcinogens alters cellular growth and division
Q: describe the main features of the cell cycle.
A: On the Earth, all multicellular organisms start life as a single cell which is formed after…
Q: . One of the following sentences is NOT correct A. P53 is an example of tumour suppressor gene B.…
A: p53 is a tumour suppressor also called as guardian of the genome. p53 is frequently mutated gene and…
Q: 2.1 The advantage of an RNA vaccine over an adenoviral vaccine is: A) the RNA is short-lived and…
A: Vaccine provides active acquired immunity to the human’s against the specific organism. Thus vaccine…
Q: 8. frame shift mechanism contributes to the following a. Somatic hypermutation b. class switching -…
A: 8. C.Gene conversation Frame shift mutation mainly occurred through the process replication. This…
Q: Monocytes are a. Recruited by a cancer cell into a tumor b. induced to differentiate into…
A: The correct option is D All of the above Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that is one of the…
Q: With regard to cancer cells, which of the following statementsare true?A. Cancer cells are clonal,…
A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…
Q: 89) **If the UK variant and the South African variant of the SARS-CoV 2 infected the same cell a.…
A: * The virus which causes respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 that is COVID-19. *SARS…
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- Our government has finite funds to devote to cancer research.Discuss which of the following areas of research you think shouldreceive the most funding.A. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumorsuppressorgenesB. Identifying agents in our environment that cause cancerC. Identifying viruses that cause cancer D. Devising methods aimed at killing cancer cells in the bodyE. Informing the public of the risks involved in exposure tocarcinogensIn the long run, in which of these areas would you expect successfulresearch to be the most effective in decreasing human mortalitydue to cancer?39. HIV could be used to cure Kaposi’s sarcoma by a. causing the cells to express exogenous surface cell markers b. activating genes for the expression of endogenous surface cell markers c. inactivating the patient’s tumor suppressing genes d. inactivating contact inhibition in the cell e. inactivating cellular adherenceThe head of the oncology divison of a large biotech company proposes to develop a therapeutic antibody to treat cancers with mutant B-Raf oncogene. Is this a good idea? Why or why not(limit 3-4 sentences)?
- 1. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A .P53 is an example of tumour activator gene B. leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase C. effective bacteriocidal enzymes are contained in lysosome of the lymphocytes D. Gram stain is the most commonly used tissue stain for routine histological examination E .proteoglycans are located in ground substance of the ECM in connective tissues and basement membraneThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection In cystic fibrosis gene therapy, scientists propose the use of viral vectors to deliver normal genes to cells in the lungs. What immunological risks are involved in this procedure?5. Link the following 3 proteins with the most appropriate 3 cancer hallmarks: a) Matrix metalloproteinase b) TGF-beta c) Bcr-Abl.
- A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after two separate Pap smears have shown dysplastic epithelial cells. Results of a molecular diagnostic test show DNA that encodes high-risk versions of the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins. The viral E6 protein binds to the cellular p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing it to be degraded. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the E6 protein causes cervical cancer? (A) Arrests the cell cycle (B) Enhances tissue invasion and metastasis (C) Inhibits telomerase expression (D) Prevents apoptosis (E) Sustains angiogenesisSometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function of: a. cell walls b. oncogenes c. plasma membrane adhesion proteins d. nuclear membranes e. tumor suppressor genes21. Which of the following can lead to cancer development? a. viruses b. mutation in cyclin production c. differentiated stem cells d. AIDS e. all of the above except c 22. Your patient is born without B cells. He cannot a. fight off intracellular infections b. have a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction c. fight off extracellular infections d. destroy microorganisms through alternate complement e. c & d 23. Extensive vomiting can lead to alkalosis due to -a. continued excretion of HCO3 b. accumulation of potassium c. emphysema d. a high protein diet e. increased renin production 24. Which of the following could lead to renal osteodystrophy? a. low levels of parathyroid hormone b. high levels of blood calcium c. injections of calcitrol d. increased physical activity e. a high protein diet 25. Which of the following can cause diarrhon?
- 23. Johnny was hospitalized in early August 2021 and diagnosed with Stage IV Lung Cancer even if he was a non-smoker). He went through 2 chemotherapy sessions, immunotherapy and radiotherapy but CT scans showed that the condition had gotten worse. Johnny was discharged from Sengkang General Hospital and was transferred to Assisi Hospice so he can receive palliative care for the remaining days of his life. What type of care was given to Johnny? A. Restorative Care B. End-of-life practice C. Long-Term Care D. Chronic Care 24. Progressive and long-term care facilities, therapeutic rehabilitation centers, and halfway houses provide which type of medical care? A. Restorative Care B. End-of-life practice C. Long-Term Care D. Chronic Care 25. What type of care is provided by Geriatric Day care centers and Nursing Homes? A. Restorative Care B. End-of-life practice C. Long-Term Care D. Tertiary CareDeveloping B cells that fail to make productive D to J heavy-chain rearrangements on both homologous chromosomes a. die by apoptosis in the bone marrow b. will rearrange heavy-chain loci multiple times until a productive rearrangement is made c. undergo clonal proliferation d. upregulate expression of transcription factors E2A and EBF e. fail to rearrange V to DJ.Which of the following statements are correct about inflammation and cancer (select all that apply)? A. Inflammatory cells are often detected in tumor samples B. The inflammatory cytokine TNF has been shown to have direct transforming properties C. Cancer often arises at sites of chronic inflammation D. Use of NSAIDs has been associated with increased mortality from colorectal cancer E. Levels of macrophage infiltration in tumors have been negatively correlated with patient prognosis
