Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The control of muscle contraction does not depend upon its ability to turn the cross-bridge cycle on and off, rather it depends on motor units to carry out the advanced control of each contraction. Each motor unit consists of muscle fibers that are innervated by branches of the axon coming out of a single efferent neuron.
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Students have asked these similar questions
When a muscle fiber is stretched from 60% of its optimal length to Lo, what change or changes are happening on the cellular level (MULTIPLE SELECT)?
A. Increased calcium release from the SR
B. Increased firing of action potentials from the alpha motor neuron
C. Increased rate of myosin ATPase activity
D. Increased number of actin-myosin bridges
E. Increased stretch on titin, producing more passive force
What happens in a muscle twitch?a. Myosin grabs a thick myofilament.b. Sarcomeres shorten during the contraction phase.c. ATP is put back in the sarcoplasmic reticulum during the refractory phase.d. A threshold stimulus must be reached before anything will happen.e. Thin myofilaments are pulled toward the center of a sarcomere.
Which statement CORRECTLY describes a motor unit?
O a.
A single muscle fibre plus all the motor neurons that innervate it.
O b. All the motor neurons supplying a single muscle
O c.
A pair of antagonistic muscles
O d. A single motor neuron plus all the muscle fibres it innervates
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYK
Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 43 - Which of the following is not an example of a...Ch. 43 - Endoskeletons: a. protect internal organs and...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 43 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 43 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Which component is responsible for initially stimulating a muscle contraction? a. proteins b. electrochemical signals c. plasma membranes d. striationsarrow_forwardExplain why (a) calcium ions and (b) ACh are vital for muscle contraction.arrow_forwardWhy is the latent period longer during an isotonic twitch of a skeletalmuscle fiber than it is during an isometric twitch?a. Excitation–contraction coupling is slower during an isotonic twitch.b. Action potentials propagate more slowly when the fiber is shortening,so extra time is required to activate the entire fiber.c. In addition to the time for excitation-contraction coupling, it takesextra time for enough cross-bridges to attach to make the tension in themuscle fiber greater than the load.d. Fatigue sets in much more quickly during isotonic contractions, andwhen muscles are fatigued the cross-bridges move much more slowly.e. The latent period is longer because isotonic twitches only occur in slow(type I) muscle fibers.arrow_forward
- Which of these events occurs during the lag (latent) phase of musclecontraction?a. cross-bridge movementb. active transport of Ca2+into the sarcoplasmic reticulumc. Ca2+binding to troponind. sarcomere shorteninge. breakdown of ATP to ADParrow_forwardWhat do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle contractions?a. Both types of contractions do not require calcium ions for a contraction to occur.b. Both types of contractions generate little force or a weak force.c. Both types of contractions consume very little ATP.d. Both types of contractions result from thick and thin filaments sliding past one another.arrow_forwardWhich statement about striated skeletal muscle is true? A. The tension generated by a muscle is invariable. B. Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch. C. A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch. D. Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials. E. An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.arrow_forward
- How does the nervous system grade the force of muscle contraction? a. Only by recruiting additional motor units b. Only by varying the firing rate of the motor neurons Oc. By varying the firing rate of the motor neurons and by recruiting additional motor units d. By using more motor neuron poolsarrow_forwardWhich of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle B. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length C. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream D. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contractarrow_forwardIn a skeletal muscle fiber, a triad is composed ofa. myosin, actin, and myofibrils.b. one A band, one H zone, and one I band.c. one transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae.d. myofilaments, myofibrils, and sarcomeres.arrow_forward
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