Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The conversion of fumaric acid to
Interpretation: The given question stated that two butenedioic acids are called fumaric acids (trans) and maleic acid (cis) and
Concept introduction: Osmium tetroxide also called osmic acid reacts with
(b)
To determine: The conversion of fumaric acid to meso-tartaric acid.
Interpretation: The given question stated that two butenedioic acids are called fumaric acids (trans) and maleic acid (cis) and
Concept introduction: Epoxidation of alkene is an oxidation process.
The steps followed by the given reaction are stated as:
- First step is the formation of epoxide.
- Second step is the attack of water to opens the ring.
- The third step is deprotonation that gives
diol product.
(c)
To determine: The conversion of maleic acid to
Interpretation: The given question stated that two butenedioic acids are called fumaric acids (trans) and maleic acid (cis) and
Concept introduction: Epoxidation of alkene is an oxidation process. Epoxides are also called an oxirane and they are intermediates that are used to convert alkenes into other functional group. Peroxyacid is used to convert alkene into an epoxide.
The steps followed by the given reaction are stated as:
- First step is the formation of epoxide.
- Second step is the attack of water to opens the ring.
- The third step is deprotonation that gives diol product.
(d)
To determine: The conversion of maleic acid to meso-tartaric acid.
Interpretation: The given question stated that two butenedioic acids are called fumaric acids (trans) and maleic acid (cis) and
Concept introduction: Osmium tetroxide also called osmic acid reacts with alkenes to form cyclic osmate ester. Hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent to hydrolyze the osmate ester. The attack of oxygen from osmic acid to the double bond of alkene is from the same side. Thus, they have syn stereochemistry.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 8 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- Write an equation for the reaction of chloroacetic acid (Ka=1.5103) with trimethylamine (Kb=5.9105) . Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction. If 0.10 M solutions of these two species are mixed, what will be their concentrations at equilibrium?arrow_forwardWhen the conjugate acid of aniline, C6H5NH3+, reacts with the acetate ion, the following reaction takes place: C6H5NH3+(aq)+CH3COO(aq)C6H5NH2(aq)+CH3COOH(aq) If Kafor C6H5NH3+ is 1.35105 and Kafor CH3COOH is 1.86105 , what is K for the reaction?arrow_forwardWhen aniline, C6H5NH2(Kb=7.41010) , reacts with a strong acid, its conjugate acid, C6H5NH3+, is formed. Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M solution of C6H5NH3+ and compare it with the pH of acetic acid (Ka=1.86105) .arrow_forward
- a) If the pH value of an aqueous solution of trimethylamine [(CH3)3N] is 10.75, what should be the molarity of this solution? (CH3)3N + H2O ↔ (CH3)3NH+ + OH-, Kb = 6,3 × 10-5 b) What will be the pH of the solution prepared by dissolving 8.35 g of aniline hydrochloride (C6H5NH3+Cl-) in 750 mL of 0.215 M aniline (C6H5NH2)? Is this solution an effective buffer? Explain (Kb = 7,4 × 10-10 for aniline, C: 12.0 g / mol, H: 1.0 g / mol, N: 14.0 g / mol, Cl: 35.4 g / mol) .arrow_forwardWrite the basic equilibrium equation for (CH₃)₂NH.arrow_forward1.) what is a chemical reaction of butadiene sulfone with heat? 2.) what is the chemical reaction of butadiene sulfone and maleic anhydride are heated together. 3.) can you explain what green chemistry is? I do not understand it.arrow_forward
- Potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate are very similar in their oxidizing abilities, however there are differences. If I want to convert 4-hexen-1-ol into 4-hexenoic acid, which would be the appropriate oxidizing agent to use? Explain your answer using equations that show the two different products that would form via the two different oxidizing agents.arrow_forwardIn an advanced synthetic chemistry experiment, a researcher prepares a compound, ZY-7, by reacting a ketone (C5H100) with hydroxylamine (NH2OH), followed by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. The resulting compound, ZY-7, is then treated with a solution of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and hydrochloric acid (HCI) at low temperature. Identify the class of compound that ZY-7 most likely belongs to after this series of reactions." A) Amide B) Oxime C) Nitro compound D) Diazonium salt E) Ester Don't use chatgpt please provide valuable answerarrow_forward1) LiAlH, in Et₂O 2) H₂O*arrow_forward
- Write the products of the reaction of diphenhydramine (a base) with the acid HCI shown below. -COCH,CH,NCH3 + HCl CH3arrow_forwardCompound X (structure shown below) has a molecular formula C5H1o and reacts with H2/Pt to give compound Y, C5H12. What is the name of the reaction involved to produce Compound Y? H2C H3C CH3 Hydration Hydrogenation Halogenation Addition of halohydrinarrow_forwardComplete the following reactions: i) B₂O3 + NaOH → ii) SiF4 + 2HFarrow_forward
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning