Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 34, Problem 4TY
In an experiment to test the function of statocysts, researchers replaced the statoliths of a crayfish with iron filings and then held a magnet directly above the animal’s head. Normally, statoliths sit at the bottom of a statocyst unless an animal moves or turns over. What do you think happened in response to the magnet?
- The animal turned in circles.
- The animal flipped itself over.
- The animal began moving backwards.
- The animal fell over onto its side.
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Chapter 34 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 34.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 2BCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 1TYCh. 34 - Prob. 2TYCh. 34 - The sensory receptors for audition (hearing) are...Ch. 34 - In an experiment to test the function of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 5TYCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYCh. 34 - Prob. 8TYCh. 34 - Which is true? A loss of taste buds would reduce a...Ch. 34 - Prob. 10TYCh. 34 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 34 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Given these events:(1) Calcium ions combine with tropomyosin.(2) Calcium ions combine with troponin.(3) Tropomyosin pulls away from actin.(4) Troponin pulls away from actin.(5) Tropomyosin pulls away from myosin.(6) Troponin pulls away from myosin.(7) Myosin binds to actin.arrow_forwardWhat would happen to muscle function if you ingested a toxin that completely inactivated troponin? The toxin inhibits its ability to change conformation. How would this affect muscle contraction?arrow_forwardPut these events in the correct chronological sequence: 1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials. 2. Transverse tubules convey potentials into the interior of the cell. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate. 4. Binding sites on actin are uncovered, allowing myosin to bind and carry out power strokes. 5. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 6. Chemically regulated ion channels open, causing depolarization. 7. Ca2+ ions bind to troponin-C, pulling on tropomyosin. A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7,6 B) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 7, 4 C) 4, 1, 3, 7, 2, 6, 5 D) 2, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5 E) 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 2, 4arrow_forward
- A research scientist is developing a new drug that blocks muscle cellreceptors that, when activated, stimulate a muscle contraction. In her firstexperiment, she used 250 mg of the new drug but saw no effect. In hersecond experiment, she increased the dosage to 750 mg. This dosagewas successful in blocking the muscle stimulation. Explain why increasingthe dosage would affect the outcome of the experiment.arrow_forwardWhat signals are sent around the body of a sprinter when he or she is about to start? Start with the sound from the gun. If a sprinter starts less than 0.1 second (one tenth of a second) after the start shot, he or she will be discarded. Why is the rule like that? Why do we call the nervous system a "signal system?" Can you compare it to anything else? Why is it especially important to protect the spine, for example in sports such as skiing and cross? What can be the consequences of an injury to the spine?arrow_forwardHow would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect calcium levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of a skeletal muscle? Group of answer choices An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to decreased calcium levels in the SR An increased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR A decreased frequency of action potentials would lead to increased calcium levels in the SR pick one answerarrow_forward
- How are motor neurons involved in muscle contractions? Select all that apply. The release of calcium ions into muscle fiber causes a shift in the proteins of thick filaments, allowing myosin to bind to actin. The release of calcium ions into muscle fiber causes a shift in the thin filaments, allowing myosin to bind to actin. A signal from the motor neuron leads to the release of calcium ions from the muscle fiber's sarcoplasmic reticulum. Muscle fibers respond to signals from motor neurons whose axon endings lie far from the muscle fiber.arrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the next question: In a classic experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that sends a message to a muscle fibre is suspended. One end is attached to the muscle fibre, and the free end of the muscle fibre is attached to a mass. If an electrical stimulus is sufficient to cause an impulse in the neuron, the muscle will contract and lift the mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle (g) 1 2 10 3 10 4 Analyze the data and answer the following questions: 1. a. Define threshold potential and illustrate your definition with a specific example. What is the minimum stimulus required to reach the threshold potential for this neuron? Answer: Explain the all-or-none response. Predict the mass that could be lifted at 4 mV of stimuli. Explain your answer. b. Answer: Choose a specific example of a sensory receptor, and…arrow_forwardWhen you “max out” on reps or pushups or something like that, what kind of stimulus is your brain sending to your muscles by the end of that exercise? Explain your answer please.arrow_forward
- The figure below shows the muscle tension (Y axis) following the application of stimuli to the muscle fiber. The pink arrows on the bottom symbolize stimuli to the muscle cell. The best explanation that the tension of the contraction in panel 4 is larger than other panels is because: A. More motor units are recruited B. More muscles are contracting C. The duration of the stimuli is longer D. The frequency of the stimuli is greaterarrow_forwardPick the right order for muscle contraction a) ATP attaches to myosin, muscle cell uses calcium, action potential spreads b) Calcium release, binding sites on actin are exposedmyosin binds to actin c) Myosin binds to actin, myosin uses calcium, cell gets shorter d) Action potential is received , cell gets shorter, myosin grabs actinarrow_forwardThe primary function of satellite cells is to: a. stabilize motor neuron connection to the myofiber b. support the cells of the perimysium c. repair skeletal muscle following injury d. facilitate the connection between cardiac cellsarrow_forward
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