Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 34.6, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Glaucoma is a visual disorder in which the optic nerve gets damaged. It is a leading cause of blindness for the individual over the age of sixty. Vision loss of an individual due to glaucoma cannot be recovered. If it is recognized in an early-stage, vision loss can be prevented or slowed.
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A 17-year-old boy suffered an injury to his left eye when, during a car crash, a sharp sliver of glass penetrated his eye, damaging his lens and uveal tract. The glass was removed and the injury repaired with complete recovery. However, 3 weeks later he noticed some redness in the left eye and photophobia, followed by pain and severe visual impairment. The left eye was removed and histologic examination showed an extensively infiltrated uveal tract with abundant lymphocytes and mononuclear cells. Two weeks later the other eye began to show the same symptoms. Since the lens was damaged the most likely scenario is that:
A. this is an example of immediate hypersensitivity.
B. sequestered antigen was released and initiated an immune response.
C. some of the glass must have penetrated the right eye as well.
D. the bacteria entered the damaged eye and is causing an infection in both eyes.
Explain the process of phototransduction and signal transmission in the retina. Be sure to include the steps associated with the formation/breakdown of Rhodopsin as well as the signal transduction process that takes place in the retina beginning in the dark. Be sure to also include where in the retina these processes are taking place (i.e rods, bipolar cells or ganglion cells, outer segment, inner segment…).
It is a very important question If possible, provide all the correct and detailed information, please.
Place the following into the correct order to represent the bleaching and regeneration of rhodopsin.
Opsin and cis-retinal
enzymatically combine
to regenerate rhodopsin
Trans-retinal is
enzymatically converted
back to cis-retinal
Cis-retinal isomerizes
to trans-retinal
Trans-retinal
separates from
opsin
Opsin triggers
reaction cascade that
breaks down cGMP
Rhodopsin
absorbs photon of
light
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Chapter 34 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 34.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 2BCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 1TYCh. 34 - Prob. 2TYCh. 34 - The sensory receptors for audition (hearing) are...Ch. 34 - In an experiment to test the function of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 5TYCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYCh. 34 - Prob. 8TYCh. 34 - Which is true? A loss of taste buds would reduce a...Ch. 34 - Prob. 10TYCh. 34 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 34 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 3. Which of the three people had the best hearing in the range of 4,000 to 6,000 hertz? Which had the worst?arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 2. How loud did a 1,000-hertz sound have to be for the 50-year-old carpenter to detect it?arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-otd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 4. Based on these data, would you conclude that the hearing decline in the 50-year-old carpenter was caused by age or by job-related noise exposure?arrow_forward
- Explain the process of phototransduction and signal transmission in the retina. Be sure to include the steps associated with the formation/breakdown of Rhodopsin as well as the signal transduction process that takes place in the retina beginning in the dark. Be sure to also include where in the retina these process are taking place (i.e rods, bipolar cells or ganglion cells, outer segment, inner segment…).arrow_forward8-12 years old child's eye retina area is yellow. What is this disease? Macula Degeneration or Retinoblastoma? which biotechnological treatments could be the solutionarrow_forwardA Physician Assistant student on clinical attachment in the Northern part of Ghana noted a high incidence of people reporting difficulty with night vision which has been due to lack of vitamin A in their diet. Explain why deficiency of vitamin A causes poor night vision or night blindness.arrow_forward
- All questions please. 1) Explain the opacity of pigments and its relation with the size of the particle.2) What are the 4 ingredients for paints and explain each in one sentence. 3) a) Draw a human eye in the space below (LARGE!), and clearly label each of the partslisted below. Iris aqueous humor ciliary muscles RetinaPupil Cornea vitreous humor FoveaSclera lens choroid optic Optic b) In your diagram of the human eye, label all instances of refractions that happen fromwhen light first enters the eye to when it is absorbed by the retina.arrow_forwardExplain why some children with retinoblastoma develop multiple tumors of the retina in both eyes, whereas others have a single tumor in only one eye.arrow_forwardA 75-year-old woman has right homonymous hemianopia. Identify the likely site of damage in her visual pathway. which one is correct? Optic chiasm Right optic nerve Left optic tract Right optic tractarrow_forward
- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second), The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue). a 50-year-old carpenter (red), arid a 50-year-ofd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 1. Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?arrow_forwardVisit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/NYTmeningitis) to read about a man who wakes with a headache and a loss of vision. His regular doctor sent him to an ophthalmologist to address the vision loss. The ophthalmologist recognizes a greater problem and immediately sends him to the emergency room. Once there, the patient undergoes a large battery of tests, but a definite cause cannot be found. A specialist recognizes the problem as meningitis, but the question is what caused it originally. How can that be cured? The loss of vision comes from swelling around the optic nerve, which probably presented as a bulge on the inside of the eye. Why is swelling related to meningitis going to push on the optic nerve?arrow_forwardThe inner layer of the eye includes the _____________. a. lens and choroid b. sclera and cornea c. retina d. start of optic nervearrow_forward
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