Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 1CBQ
Summary Introduction
To design:
The list of environmental agents that cause epigenetic changes that contribute to cancer.
Introduction:
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Many processes occur that lead the epigenetic such as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation.
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On the image, you can see the results of a DNA microarray used for cancer prognosis, where tissue samples from healthy and cancerous tissues were analyzed. cDNA from healthy cells and cancer cells were labeled with green and red fluorescence, respectively, mixed equally, and hybridized with the chip. It is known that gene A is more highly expressed in breast cancer type I, while genes B and C have lower expression in type II, which is highly aggressive. Based on the gene expression levels shown in the image, the cancer sample does not correspond to either type I or type II breast cancer, why is that?
Go to the PubMed website and search the words epigenetic and cancer.Scan through the journal articles you retrieve and make a list of environmental agents that may cause epigenetic changes that contributeto cancer.
Based on Figure 17-35, write a sentence stating howtranslocation can lead to cancer. Can you think of another genetic cause of cancer?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 16.1 - Which of the following is an epigenetic change...Ch. 16.2 - If you crossed an Igf 2 Igf 2- male mouse to an...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.3 - Which of the following statements regarding...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1BC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.6 - Genes that are linked do not conform to Mendels...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is an example of an...Ch. 16 - In mice, the allele of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYCh. 16 - The marking process for genomic imprinting...Ch. 16 - According to Mary Lyons hypothesis, the patchwork...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6TYCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYCh. 16 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Define Epigenetic changes. Are epigenetic changes the same thing as mutations? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardPlease explain how the deletion of the same set of genes can result in such different diseases. The example for this question being Prader-willi syndrom and Angelman syndrome. In your answer, be sure to discuss the role of genetic imprinting and epigenetics.arrow_forwardTumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in carcinogenesis. However, one can predict whether a gene potentially encodes for a protein that influences carcinogenesis by examining their mutational profile. You sequence the genome of 4 cancers and identify 3 genes of interest. Which of the following genes has the best potential to an oncogene? Tumor 1 Tumor 2 Tumor 3 Tumor 4 Gene A S24F, N465T R33T T345S, G366R P367E, P368Y Gene B S34R, F360I S34R V254I S34E, T67Y Gene C S24F, I322E C255I, E344D S34E, P367Earrow_forward
- Sarah has always lived what many consider an active and healthy lifestyle. She makes a conscious effort to eat well and exercise daily, never smoked, and drinks moderately. Many of Sarah's female relatives (including her mother and grandmother) have had breast cancer. Sarah has decided to have her genome sequenced. She is specifically interested in whether she shows mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 that are linked to breast cancer. What information can be drawn from the sequence data Sarah will receive? Justify your answer. • Sarah will know if she will develop breast cancer. • Sarah will know if and when she will develop breast cancer. • Sarah will know the severity of her breast cancer based on the number of mutations; that is, the more mutations in those genes, the greater the severity of the disease. • Sarah will know whether she is predisposed to breast cancer. • Sarah will know that she will not develop breast cancer if there are no mutations in those genes.arrow_forwardEpigenetics is a HUGE new field in understanding health factors that are transmitted from generation to generation beyond simple genetic inheritance. For example: epigenetic factors contribute to the onset of disease by triggering underlying genetic information. What do you think about that?arrow_forwardIn what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated with cancer? Why? Group of answer choices 1. Tumor suppressor genes, because genes in this category are very important in the process of developing cancer. 2. Proto-oncogenes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype. 3. Proto-oncogenes, because there are very few genes in this category, so mutations in them are rare. 4. Tumor suppressor genes, because individuals who carry only one cancer-causing allele will have a wildtype phenotype.arrow_forward
- A patient comes into your clinic exhibiting generic cancer symptoms. In order to help form a diagnosis, you ask about patient history and they tell you that they worked for years in an agricultural job, primarily in handling food for large bovine animals and then later working with insect pesticide treatment of grain fields. You decide to test for elevated levels of the environmental agent(s) in their body and focus your cancer diagnosis on based on the established associations of epigentic effects and cancer. O nickel and cadmium; stomach and skin cancer O benzene; breast, prostate and thyroid cancer O polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene; lung, breast, stomach and skin cancer O arsenic and endocrine disruptors; skin, bladder, liver and kidney cancerarrow_forwardThe human phenotype is regulated by epigenetic control of gene expression. Discuss the three main types of epigenetic regulation, illustrating your answer with examples of diseases arising from impairment of each of these processes. 600 words.arrow_forwardThe C-myc gene is a proto-oncogene which is highly expressed in breast tissue and appears to cause proliferation of breast tissue and its elevated expression is associated with breast cancer. Based just on the ChIP data from the previous questions (also shown below), which of the three drugs (estrogen, tamoxifen and raloxifene) would you recommend for treating breast cancer? Justify your response and explain the potential side effects of each drug.arrow_forward
- Several research studies are under way that involve the use of genetherapies to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Oncogenes are mutant genes that are overexpressed and cause cancer. New gene therapies are aimed at silencing oncogenes by producing antisense RNA that recognizes the mRNAtranscribed from oncogenes. Based on your understanding of antisense RNA , explain how this strategy would prevent the growth of cancer cells.arrow_forward* Google Translate x + re.com/courses/49703/quizzes/244266/take/questions/5315835 Understanding BAC-23 better might be the difference in curing cancer and saving millions of lives! You must sequence its genome and find the genetic code that makes the cancer curing protein. After running several tests, you have found the correct gene segment to be: GGG UCG ACA CUC UUU. Remember that bacteria are weird and their genes are made from a single strand with ribose sugar backbones! 1. Give the correct DNA template for this bacterial gene segment (GGG UCG ACA CUC UUU). ***Please use the following format or it will be marked incorrect*** Example: ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO, all caps, organized in threes with a space in between. Please make my life easier 2. Using the genetic code provided (GGG UCG ACA CUC UUU), translate this gene segment. ***Please use the following format or it will be marked incorrect*** Example: ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO, all caps, organized in threes with a space in between. Please make…arrow_forwardDiscuss how epigenetic processes can be modified by environmental factors.arrow_forward
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