Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 2CCQ
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The meaning of the term Barr body and the structural difference between Barr body and other chromosomes. The effect of the Barr body on the level of X-linked gene expression.
Introduction:
Gene expression refers to the process by which a gene’s information is converted into mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) and then into a polypeptide.
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What is a Barr body? How is its structure different from that ofother chromosomes in the cell? How does the structure of a Barrbody affect the level of X-linked gene expression?
In X-chromosome inactivation, when is the choice made as to which X chromosome is inactivated? Does this choice occur in embryonic cells, in adult somatic cells, or both?
Describe the molecular process of X-chromosome inactivation.This description should include the three phases of inactivationand the role of the Xic. Explain what happens to the X chromosomes during embryogenesis, in adult somatic cells, and duringoogenesis.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 16.1 - Which of the following is an epigenetic change...Ch. 16.2 - If you crossed an Igf 2 Igf 2- male mouse to an...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.3 - Which of the following statements regarding...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1BC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.6 - Genes that are linked do not conform to Mendels...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is an example of an...Ch. 16 - In mice, the allele of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYCh. 16 - The marking process for genomic imprinting...Ch. 16 - According to Mary Lyons hypothesis, the patchwork...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6TYCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYCh. 16 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- What is the spreading phase of X-chromosome inactivation? Whydo you think it is called a spreading phase?arrow_forwardWhat are X-inactivation and Barr body?arrow_forwardOccasionally, a mouse X chromosome is broken into two pieces and each piece becomes attached to a different autosome. In this event, the genes on only one of the two pieces undergo X inactivation. What does this observation indicate about the mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation?arrow_forward
- A cytogeneticist is studying the cells from an abnormal female monkey. In some cells, she finds that both X-chromosomes are active (i.e. not packaged into a Barr body), although one of the X-chromosomes appears shorter. She also finds that one of the autosomes are packaged as a Barr body, and she suspects that a translocation event might have been involved. By referring to the mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation, explain the observations made by the scientistarrow_forwardWhat is the effect of the NDM gene?arrow_forwardOutline the molecular steps in the process of X-chromosomeinactivation (XCI). Which step plays a key role in choosing whichof the X chromosomes will remain active and which will beinactivated?arrow_forward
- 2) In humans, one X chromosome in females is inactivated. Why does a female with one X chromosome show Turner syndrome? What is the difference between two X chromosomes with one X inactivated and one X chromosome in a female?arrow_forwardHow is FISH used to characterize chromosomal translocations associated with certain genetic disorders and specific types of cancers?arrow_forwardFollowing X-chromosome inactivation, most of the genes on theinactivated X chromosome are silenced. Explain how. Name onegene that is not silenced.arrow_forward
- During X inactivation, all but one gene get silenced on one X chromosome. Why does one gene escape the inactivation? A) That is the gene responsible for inactivating the others B) Two copies of that gene are needed in females, so both are active C) X inactivation is rarely complete, so occasionally one or two genes get activated by mistake D) That is the gene that encodes the methyltransferase needed to methylate the genome.arrow_forwardHow is the process of X-chromosome inactivation similar togenomic imprinting? How is it different?arrow_forwardIn a few sentences, describe how p53 guards the genome. Include at least two specific ways that p53 guards the genome. In a few more sentences, describe the structure and function of the p53 protein. Structure: what domains are present in the p53 protein? Do p53 work as a single protein or as part of a complex? Function: what do the different domains do? How can p53 do so many different things?arrow_forward
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