Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 2CBQ
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The reason due to which Mendel did not find linkage during the study of the garden pea plant and the crosses made between them.
Introduction:
Gregor John Mendel conducted experiments and gave the law of inheritance. The three laws are the law of segregation, the law of dominance, and the law of independent assortment. The genes are not dependent on one another stated by the law of independent assortment.
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What is Mendel's Cross?
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Diagram the P1 and F1 crosses, using Mendelian notation, to show the possible genotypes found in each generation. (Remember a diagram is just the cross itself, not the progeny).
As you know Mendel’s main contribution to genetics was his proposing a model of particulate inheritance. This discovery contradicted the widely held belief that blending inheritance was the true theory that explained hereditary traits. One advantage that Mendel had in choosing garden peas (Pisum sativum) was that he could either allow the pea flowers on a plant to self-pollinate or he could deliberately cross-pollinate the flowers. For his single locus crosses of pure-breeding lines, he would take the F2 offspring of the dominant phenotype (such as yellow seeds) and ensure that each yellow-seeded plant would self-pollinate. He was able to show that 1/3 of all the yellow-seeded plants in this generation bred true while the other 2/3 of the yellow seeded plants showed segregation. Do you believe that this extra experiment gave additional important evidence for the particulate theory of inheritance or did the offspring from the F1 x F1 cross provide enough evidence of Mendel’s First Law?…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 16.1 - Which of the following is an epigenetic change...Ch. 16.2 - If you crossed an Igf 2 Igf 2- male mouse to an...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.3 - Which of the following statements regarding...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1BC
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16.6 - Genes that are linked do not conform to Mendels...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is an example of an...Ch. 16 - In mice, the allele of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYCh. 16 - The marking process for genomic imprinting...Ch. 16 - According to Mary Lyons hypothesis, the patchwork...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6TYCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYCh. 16 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 16 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 16 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- In Morgan’s three-factor crosses of Figure shown, he realized thatcrossing over was more frequent between the eye color and winglength genes than between the body color and eye color genes.Explain how he determined this.arrow_forwardWe have crossed true-breeding flies today. Wild type to mutant. Their phenotypes were wt and vg se. (Let’s not worry about males and females for now, just assume both genes are autosomal, which is normal in a Mendelian experiment). The results of a cross are phenotypes. I will be asking you for numbers or a ratio of phenotype numbers you expect to see in the offspring from this cross. To answer this, you’ll need to start with the genotypes of parents, then write their gametes, then write the offspring genotypes, then get the phenotypes based on them. Predict the results of this cross: In case both mutations are recessive; In case both mutations are dominant; In case vestigial wings are recessive and the sepia eyes are dominant.arrow_forwardAmong Native Americans, two types of earwax (cerumen) are seen, dry and sticky. A geneticist studied theinheritance of this trait by observing the types of offspring produced by different kinds of matings. Heobserved the following numbers:OffspringParents Number of mating pairs Sticky DrySticky × sticky 10 32 6Sticky × dry 8 21 9Dry × dry 12 0 42a. How is earwax type inherited?b. Why are no 3:1 or 1:1 ratios present in the datashown in the chart?arrow_forward
- A pure strain of Mendel's peas, dominant for all seven of his independently assorting genes, was testcrossed. How many different kind of gametes could each of the parents produced?arrow_forwardGenes A and B are on two different chromosomes. You construct a Punnett Square to to show the expected genotypes in the offspring of a cross between these two genotypes: AaBB x AaBb. What are the dimensions of the smallest Punnett square you can make to show the expected results? (e.g., 2x2, 4x1. Don’t worry about the order of the two numbers if they differ. That is, 4x8 is the same as 8x4)arrow_forwardWhy did Mendel perform "reciprocal crosses"? Someone gives you a bag of yellow peas and you plant them in the Spring. Can you predict the color of the peas that will appear in the pods on the plants grown from these peas? Would your answer be different if you had received a bag of green peas? Explain what Mendel means when he writes that the 3:1 ratio observed in the first generation from the hybrids "resolves itself" into a ratio of 2:1:1arrow_forward
- Continuing his experiments, in Miles Morales' genome, the Goblin found similar genes, including one for invisibility which also seems to be dominant. To determine if they were linked to agility, the Goblin set up another cross and got the following results: Phenotype Agility and Invisibility Agility Invisibility No Powers Number of Progeny 121 52 55 125 What is the chi-square value for this?arrow_forwardProfessor John decided to breed bunnies during stay-at-home because why not. She performed the following cross:Parents:brown fur, gray nose x white fur, gray noseOffspring:3/8 white fur, gray nose1/8 white fur, white nose3/8 brown fur, gray nose 1/8 brown fur, white noseBased on the phenotypes of the offspring, what are the genotypes of the parents? Make sure you define your genotypes (ie B is brown fur, b is white fur)arrow_forwardFrom the three-factor crosses of Figure 7.3, Morgan realized thatcrossing over was more frequent between the eye color and winglength genes than between the body color and eye color genes.Explain how he determined this.arrow_forward
- This question deals with Mendelian Genetics. Read each part carefully before you answer it. In the following questions, assume green pea pods are dominant over yellow pea pods. a) If a pea plant that is Heterozygous for pod color is crossed with a pea plant with yellow pods, what do you expect to see in the offspring (the f1 generation)? Specifically, what genotypes, what phenotypes, and in what ratios? (Use G for the green pod gene and g for the yellow pod gene.) (It is usually helpful to write out all the possible genotypes and give the phenotype for each genotype before answering the specific question.)arrow_forwardIn a certain line of mice which produce numerous progeny per cross, a lethal allele of a certain gene causes a death due to late-stage lung disease. It is not known whether the lethal allele is a recessive or dominant lethal allele. Geneticists will perform crosses to figure that out, but they need your help to interpret possible cross results. Consider each of the following hypothetical results separately, and determine if each conclusion made is true or false. Select the statement if you think it is true (you agree with it). Do not select the statement if you think it is false ( you do not agree with it). IF only homozygotes of the lethal allele die from the lethality, then death by late- stage lung disease can be considered the dominant trait. IF the lethal allele acts recessively, then only a fourth of the progeny from a monohybrid cross should die from the lethality. IF no progeny from a cross of a homozygous normal parent with a monohybrid parent die from the lethality, then this…arrow_forwardIn another one of Mendel's experiments, he crossed the offspring. Two pea plants with purple flowers (Pp) were crossed.arrow_forward
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How to solve genetics probability problems; Author: Shomu's Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0yjfb1ooUs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Beyond Mendelian Genetics: Complex Patterns of Inheritance; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EmvmBuK-B8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY