Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
The equilibrium concentration of free
Concept Introduction:
Equilibrium reaction:
Formation constant: An equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex in solution.
b)
Interpretation:
Whether the reaction is nonspontaneous under standard-state conditions has to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
Gibb’s free energy: The energy available to do work and also used to determine the spontaneity of a reaction. The energy released by the overall system.
Relation between Free energy and equilibrium constant:
c)
Interpretation:
The crystal field energy level diagrams for
Concept Introduction:
Coordination compounds: The compounds having coordination covalent bonds which form when metal ions react with polar molecules or anions.
Ligands: The ions or molecules that forms coordination covalent bond with metal ions in a coordination compound. Ligands should have minimum one lone pair of electron, where it donates two electrons to the metal. Metal atom accepts the electron pair from a ligand forming a coordination bond.
The strong-field ligands results in pairing of electrons present in the complex and leads to diamagnetic species , while the low-field ligand do not have tendency to pair up the electrons therefore forms paramagnetic species.
Ligand field theory: It is used to explain the bonding between metal and ligand in a coordination complex. Ligand field theory is explained in terms of electrostatic interaction of between metal ion and ligands.
The five d orbitals get divided into two sets that are
d)
Interpretation:
The complex
Concept Introduction:
Achiral: A molecule is achiral if it is superimposable on its mirror image. Most achiral molecules do have a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry.
Chiral: A molecule is chiral if it is non superimposable on its mirror image. Most chiral molecules can be identified by their lack of a plane of symmetry.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
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