Interpretation
The metals which have more than one oxidation state should be determined from the given metals.
Concept introduction:
Transition element is one which can form one or more stable ions with a partially occupied d-subshell. Most of the
Oxidation state is the difference between the numbers of electrons associated with an atom in a compound.
In ions the oxidation state is the ionic charge
In covalent compounds the oxidation state corresponds to the formal charge.
In elements oxidation state is assumed to exist in the zero oxidation state.
The variable oxidation state of transition elements is due to their small energy difference between the 4s and 3d subshells.
Some elements with variable oxidation states are listed below,
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
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