Chapter 20, Problem 20.49AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Two successive ionizations reactions of the squaric acid are to be stated and each reaction is to be labeled with the appropriate $\text{p}{K}_{\text{a}}$ value.

Concept introduction:

The $\text{p}{K}_{\text{a}}$ value of the acid is known as acid dissociation constant. It tells about the extent of dissociation of acid. Lower is the $\text{p}{K}_{\text{a}}$ value of the acid, higher is the extent of dissociation of the acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation as to why the squaric is much more acidic than the most of the enols is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The $\text{p}{K}_{\text{a}}$ value of the acid is known as acid dissociation constant. It tells about the extent of dissociation of acid. Lower is the $\text{p}{K}_{\text{a}}$ value of the acid, higher is the extent of dissociation of the acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of products obtained when squaric acid reacts with excess ${\text{SOCl}}_{\text{2}}$, and with ethanol solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which a nucleophile attacks at the electrophilic carbon centre. The rate of reaction depends upon the nucleophilicity and concentration of the nucleophile.

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction is a nucleophilic substitution bimolecular reaction in which the addition of nucleophile and elimination of a leaving group takes place simultaneously. The rate of reaction depends upon the reactants in the rate law equation.