(a) Interpretation: The given reaction is to be completed. Concept introduction: Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Polymers are the compounds formed by joining of small molecules with each other. The extent of polymerization of molecules varies from one to another. Greater is the extent of polymerization reaction, higher is the molecular mass of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction are both the addition reactions of alkenes to give alcohols. The oxymercuration-reduction reaction gives the markonikov’s product with the syn-addition of solvent molecule to the alkene.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are very prominent reactions of the benzene compounds. The electrophile comes and replaces the hydrogen present on the benzene ring. If there is already a group present on the benzene than that group decides the position of next electrophile.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Polymers are the compounds formed by joining of small molecules with each other. The extent of polymerization of molecules varies from one to another. Greater is the extent of polymerization reaction, higher is the molecular mass of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction are both the addition reactions of alkenes to give alcohols. The oxymercuration-reduction reaction gives the markonikov’s product with the syn-addition of solvent molecule to the alkene.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are very prominent reactions of the benzene compounds. The electrophile comes and replaces the hydrogen present on the benzene ring. If there is already a group present on the benzene than that group decides the position of next electrophile.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Polymers are the compounds formed by joining of small molecules with each other. The extent of polymerization of molecules varies from one to another. Greater is the extent of polymerization reaction, higher is the molecular mass of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction are both the addition reactions of alkenes to give alcohols. The oxymercuration-reduction reaction gives the markonikov’s product with the syn-addition of solvent molecule to the alkene.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are very prominent reactions of the benzene compounds. The electrophile comes and replaces the hydrogen present on the benzene ring. If there is already a group present on the benzene than that group decides the position of next electrophile.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Polymers are the compounds formed by joining of small molecules with each other. The extent of polymerization of molecules varies from one to another. Greater is the extent of polymerization reaction, higher is the molecular mass of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction are both the addition reactions of alkenes to give alcohols. The oxymercuration-reduction reaction gives the markonikov’s product with the syn-addition of solvent molecule to the alkene.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are very prominent reactions of the benzene compounds. The electrophile comes and replaces the hydrogen present on the benzene ring. If there is already a group present on the benzene than that group decides the position of next electrophile.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 20.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Polymers are the compounds formed by joining of small molecules with each other. The extent of polymerization of molecules varies from one to another. Greater is the extent of polymerization reaction, higher is the molecular mass of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction are both the addition reactions of alkenes to give alcohols. The oxymercuration-reduction reaction gives the markonikov’s product with the syn-addition of solvent molecule to the alkene.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are very prominent reactions of the benzene compounds. The electrophile comes and replaces the hydrogen present on the benzene ring. If there is already a group present on the benzene than that group decides the position of next electrophile.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 20.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 20.50AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Polymers are the compounds formed by joining of small molecules with each other. The extent of polymerization of molecules varies from one to another. Greater is the extent of polymerization reaction, higher is the molecular mass of the polymer.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Polymers are the compounds formed by joining of small molecules with each other. The extent of polymerization of molecules varies from one to another. Greater is the extent of polymerization reaction, higher is the molecular mass of the polymer.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction are both the addition reactions of alkenes to give alcohols. The oxymercuration-reduction reaction gives the markonikov’s product with the syn-addition of solvent molecule to the alkene.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

The hydroboration-oxidation and oxymercuration-reduction are both the addition reactions of alkenes to give alcohols. The oxymercuration-reduction reaction gives the markonikov’s product with the syn-addition of solvent molecule to the alkene.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 18

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. The carboxylic acid can be alkylated by the use of a strong base and alkyl halide. The base abstracts the proton of carboxylic acid to produce carboxylate ion which than attacks at the alkyl halide to substitute the halide group and produce ester.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are very prominent reactions of the benzene compounds. The electrophile comes and replaces the hydrogen present on the benzene ring. If there is already a group present on the benzene than that group decides the position of next electrophile.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are very prominent reactions of the benzene compounds. The electrophile comes and replaces the hydrogen present on the benzene ring. If there is already a group present on the benzene than that group decides the position of next electrophile.

Answer 22

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 23

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 24

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Answer 25

Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.10P

(a) Interpretation: The given reaction is to be completed. Concept introduction: Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

Solution Summary: The author explains how the alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents.

Concept explainers

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation of carboxylic acid to give esters is done using various reagents. Diazoalkane’s are one of the alkylating agents to give esters. This alkylation reaction takes place in ether and is very rapid reaction.

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Chapter 20 Solutions