Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The curved arrows necessary to convert the resonance structure on the left to the one on the right in the given pair of structures are to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
A curved arrow is used to be show the movement of electrons. The arrow must start on an electron-rich atom or region and end on an electron-poor atom. If the movement is of a pi bond pair, the arrow should start from the center of the bond. Similarly, if it results in the formation of a pi bond, it should end between the two atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The resonance structure which contributes more to the hybrid is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The resonance hybrid looks most like the lowest energy (more stable) resonance structure. Generally, the resonance structure is most stable when all non-hydrogen atoms have an octet, more covalent bonds and no atoms with nonzero formal charges. The resonance structure is more stable with fewer atoms possessing nonzero formal charges because uncharged species are inherently more stable than the corresponding charged species.
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- (a) Draw all resonance contributors of the following ion. In drawing each additional resonance structure, use curved arrows to indicate which pairs of electrons are being shifted. (b) Draw the resonance hybrid. (c) Which c–C bond is the longest?arrow_forwardProblem Which of the following substances exhibits H bonding? For any that do, show the H bonds between two of its molecules. (a) C̟H, (b) CH;OH (c) CH3C–NH,arrow_forwardProblem Draw Lewis structures for the following:(a) Ethylene (C2H4), the most important reactant in the manufacture of polymers(b) Nitrogen (N2), the most abundant atmospheric gasPlan We show the structure resulting from steps 1 to 4: placing the atoms, counting the total valence electrons, making single bonds, and distributing the remaining valence electrons in pairs to attain octets. Then we continue with step 5, if needed.arrow_forward
- Below are two sets of resonance structures. Where applicable provide the missing curved arrow notation, lone pair electrons, and nonzero formal charge. Do not delete or add any bonds or atoms.arrow_forwardDraw all reasonable resonance structures for the following compounds. Be sure to show the proper arrows to indicate electron movementarrow_forwardProblem What amount (mol) of each ion is in each solution?(a) 5.0 mol of ammonium sulfate dissolved in water(b) 78.5 g of cesium bromide dissolved in water(c) 7.42×1022 formula units of copper(II) nitrate dissolved in water(d) 35 mL of 0.84 M zinc chloridePlan We write an equation that shows 1 mol of compound dissociating into ions. (a) We multiply the number of moles of ions by 5.0. (b) We first convert grams to moles. (c) We first convert formula units to moles. (d) We first convert molarity and volume to moles.arrow_forward
- Describe with words how you would draw the curved arrow(s) to get to the more stable resonance form for the left-hand pair. Be sure to include how many curved arrows are needed and what atom (or bond) the electrons are coming from or going to. Do the same for the resonance pair on the right-hand side. more stable more stablearrow_forwardDraw all reasonable resonance structures for the following cation. Then draw the resonance hybrid.arrow_forwardUse curved arrow notation to show how the first resonance structure can be converted to the second.arrow_forward
- 3) Draw all resonance structures of the following compound. Order the structures by increasing stability.arrow_forwardBased on your answer to below Problem, do you thinkthe compound shown here should have a significantdipole moment? If so, in which direction does it point? The molecule shown here has quite a large dipole, asindicated in its electrostatic potential map. Explain why.Hint: Consider various resonance structures.arrow_forward3) Draw two more resonance structures of the following compound. Order the structures by increasing stability.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning