Benzene reacts with alkyl chlorides in the presence of AlCl 3 catalyst to yield alkyl benzenes through the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The observation that reaction of benzene with 1-chloropropane yields isopropylbenzene as the major product is to be explained. Concept introduction: In the first step a carbocation intermediate is formed. AlCl 3 , being an electrophile, supports this reaction by removing the halide ion. The carbocation formed can rearrange to a more stable carbocation and then react with benzene ring.

Question

CCH H20, H2SO4 H9SO4 CH3 Alkynes do not react directly with aqueous acid as do alkenes, but will do so in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate as a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction occurs with Markovnikov regiochemistry, so the OH group adds to the more highly substituted carbon and the H adds to the less highly substituted carbon. The initial product of the reaction is a vinyl alcohol, also called an enol. The enol immediately rearranges to a more stable ketone via tautomerization. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Hjö: -CH3 -CH3 H3O*

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Chapter 7.SE, Problem 71AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Benzene reacts with alkyl chlorides in the presence of AlCl₃ catalyst to yield alkyl benzenes through the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The observation that reaction of benzene with 1-chloropropane yields isopropylbenzene as the major product is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

In the first step a carbocation intermediate is formed. AlCl₃, being an electrophile, supports this reaction by removing the halide ion. The carbocation formed can rearrange to a more stable carbocation and then react with benzene ring.

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CCH H20, H2SO4 H9SO4 CH3 Alkynes do not react directly with aqueous acid as do alkenes, but will do so in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate as a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction occurs with Markovnikov regiochemistry, so the OH group adds to the more highly substituted carbon and the H adds to the less highly substituted carbon. The initial product of the reaction is a vinyl alcohol, also called an enol. The enol immediately rearranges to a more stable ketone via tautomerization. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Hjö: -CH3 -CH3 H3O*

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