Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 3TY
Homology occurs because
- different species occupy similar environments.
- different species evolved from a common ancestor.
- new mutations modify existing structures.
- populations evolve from one generation to the next
- both a and b.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Geographic isolation is an isolating mechanism in nature. Over long
periods of time, it can lead to speciation. As the name suggests,
geographic isolation is when populations of a species become separated
geographically. This could also happen from the founder effect, where a
small group breaks away from a larger population and establishes a group
in an isolated area.
Isolation could also occur when a geographic event,
like an earthquake or a landslide separates a population.
Once the populations are separated evolution can occur through multiple
mechanisms. Natural selection could act on each population, where
some individuals have favorable traits for survival. Genetic drift can
occur, where genotypes become more common due to random chance.
These mechanisms can lead to each subpopulation becoming so different,
that they can no longer interbreed and are considered separate species.
TIME
●00
•
ORIGINAL
GEOGRAPHIC
REPRODUCTIVE
SPECIATION
POPULATION
BARRIER
ISOLATION
1. We have…
Based on the cladogram in Figure 1, which of the following conclusions about the evolution of the anole
species is most reasonable?
·A. carolinensis
A. stratulus
A. evermanni
A. cristatellus
A. gundlachi
A. sagrei
A. valencienni
A. lineatopus
Figure 1. Cladogram of some anole species
Which of the following statements about ancestral and derived traits are true?
Ancestral traits are shared by taxa due to common ancestry (e.g., the ancestor had that trait).
Derived traits are present in all members of a phylogeny
Derived traits are new characteristics that evolved in a lineage after divergence from a common ancestor with
an ancestral trait.
Ancestral traits are unique to a single species.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.1 - The phrase an organism evolves is incorrect....Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.2 - Explain how geography played a key role in the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.2 - Homologous traits show similarities because the...Ch. 19.3 - What is the frequency of pink flowers in a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Lets suppose the climate on an island abruptly...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19.5 - How does the bottleneck effect undermine the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - How does migration affect the genetic compositions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.6 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - An evolutionary change in which a population of...Ch. 19 - Homology occurs because different species occupy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - The micro-evolutionary factor most sensitive to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 19 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- The biological species concept primarily focuses on which of the following criteria for defining a species? Interbreeding and reproductive isolation Phylogenetic relationships Ecological roles Morphological similaritiesarrow_forwardAt the edge of the Arctic Circle, owls prey on field mice. Occasionally, in a litter of white field mice, a brown mouse appears. Because of greenhouse warming, the snow melts, changing the environment to shades of brown. The adaptations which allow survival and reproduction of a certain color of mice in the new environment is due to: variation. lethal mutations. acquired traits. isolation.arrow_forwardMutations can be considered one of the raw materials of evolution because they cause mating to remain random. usually cause species to become extinct. contribute to new variations in organisms. are usually beneficial to the organism in which they appear.arrow_forward
- If a species looks superficially the same after thousands of years, the most likely explanation is: Group of answer choices there is no evolution happening to that population they have evolved a level of perfection so no changes are necessary the changes are not easily observed, such as changes in immunity or metabolism they have not experienced any Gene Flowarrow_forwardWhich part of these statements isn't right ? A species is a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed with one another to produce viable, fertile offspring. Speciation is when two new species form from one original one. Sympatric speciation occurs when there is a geographic separation of a population. Allopatric speciation occurs while the population remains in the same area. Adaptive radiation occurs when one species evolves into many to fill several different niches. Natural selection requires traits to be passed from parent to offspring, more offspring are produced than can survive creating competition, and inherited traits vary among offspring. Fossils, Anatomy and embryology, biogeography, and molecular biology all provide support for the theory of evolution. Evolution can be driven by many different things. Mutations are changes in DNA that create new alleles in a population. Gene flow is the flow of alleles in and out of a population resulting from the migration…arrow_forward2) A species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another when, in nature, it is not possible for matings between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring. Evolution is an important mechanism in the formation of new species. The evolution of a new species requires several components including all, BUT A) Evolution of a new species requires a long time. B) Evolution of a new species requires the need for a genetic change. C) Evolution of a new species requires a separation that prevents interbreeding. D) Evolution of a new species requires mutations that produce new genetic traits.arrow_forward
- 2) A species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another when, in nature, it is not possible for matings between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring. Evolution is an important mechanism in the formation of new species. The evolution of a new species requires several components including all, BUT A) Evolution of a new species requires a long time. B) Evolution of a new species requires the need for a genetic change. C) Evolution of a new species requires a separation that prevents interbreeding. D) Evolution of a new species requires mutations that produce new genetic traits. Not Gradedarrow_forwardThe most important feature that enables a gene to act as a molecular clock is Group of answer choices: a recent origin by a gene duplication event a large number of base pairs in the genome being acted upon by natural selection a reliable average rate of mutationarrow_forwardMatch the terms to their descriptors. NOTE: If you want to change your selection, you'll need to delete the one you already chose. After you delete it, the list of choices will pop back up and you can make a different choice. Two species evolve in different directions from a common starting point Divergent evolution Two species independently evolve similar structures Homologous structures Traits that look similar but were not inherited from a common Convergent evolution ancestor Analogous structures Traits that are similar because they were inherited from a common ancestorarrow_forward
- Natural selection can be defined as: chance differences in organism traits. the chance for species numbers to increase rapidly. the processes that lead individuals to resemble their parents. the differential survival and reproduction of individuals. the genetic fixation of species.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best definition of a major transition in evolution? Individuals evolve traits the help them fight off rivals Formerly independent replicating individuals form a collective that reproduces together A group of individuals evolve traits that help them individually forage better Individuals evolve traits that allow them to colonize a new environment.arrow_forwardIn sympatric speciation (fill in the blank) can result in (fill in the blank) and lead to formation of new species from a population that (fill in the blank) fill in the blank with the following: is geographically isolated, gene flow, reproduction isolation, is in the same environment, genetic drift, or ecological isolationarrow_forward
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