Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19.4, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection, in which the extreme
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Assume you are studying a population of ocean shrimp that reproduce asexually. You sequence the ocean shrimp and the species that is their closest living relative that reproduces sexually. You find that the asexually reproducing species has a higher number of mutations in the genome. This finding would provide support for which of the following ideas?
Linkage disequilibrium
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Muller's ratchet
The next five questions (questions 11-15) are related to each other. Read all of the scenarios very carefully and in order
and select the correct answer.
A population of 10,000 blue grasshoppers lives on an island. Most members of the population live among the grasses
because they are not very good climbers. Some grasshoppers live in the trees because they are good climbers. One year, a
short-legged mouse arrived at the island and ate all grasshoppers within its reach, thus totally wiping out the
grasshoppers living in the grasses. Luckily, those grasshoppers that were good climbers were spared. This story is an
example of
Gene Flow
Founder Effect
C Natural Selection
Genetic Drift
In a population of birds, the climate becomes colder over time. Birds with larger bodies and thicker
feathers survive better and produce more offspring than those with smaller bodies and thinner
feathers. Which type of selection is occurring in this scenario?
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Frequency-dependent selection
Chapter 19 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.1 - The phrase an organism evolves is incorrect....Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.2 - Explain how geography played a key role in the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.2 - Homologous traits show similarities because the...Ch. 19.3 - What is the frequency of pink flowers in a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Lets suppose the climate on an island abruptly...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19.5 - How does the bottleneck effect undermine the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - How does migration affect the genetic compositions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.6 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - An evolutionary change in which a population of...Ch. 19 - Homology occurs because different species occupy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - The micro-evolutionary factor most sensitive to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 19 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Changes in the Population There are four major types of selection when it comes to changes being made in an ecosystem. Natural Selection is the process of selecting traits that makes an organism most successful in its given environment. Directional Selection is when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end. Stabilizing Selection is when individuals near the center of a curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end. Disruptive Selection is when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Copyright © 2003-2022 International Academy of Science. All Rights Reserved. O to search (B How does natural selection change allele frequencies in populations? A. Natural selection controls the rate of mutations. B. Natural selection selects alleles that improve fitness. C. Natural selection has no control over allele frequency changes. Rain coming (8)arrow_forwardIn a population of plants, individuals with medium-sized leaves have the highest survival and reproductive success because they can efficiently capture sunlight without losing too much water. Which type of selection is occurring in this scenario? Stabilizing selection Disruptive selection Frequency-dependent selection Directional selectionarrow_forwardWhich of these scenarios is an example of disruptive selection? Darker colored morphs in a butterfly population are more adaptive than lighter colored morphs, and lighter colored morphs are eliminated from the population. Intermediate gray morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the extreme dark and light color morphs have been eliminated. The dark and light color morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the intermediate gray morph has been eliminated from the population. A new, unique color form arises from a mutation in a population of butterflies.arrow_forward
- Human adult males generally have deeper voices than do adult females, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing the enlargement of the larynx. If one excludes the involvement of gender in the situation, then the pattern that is apparent in the fossil record is most similar to one that should be expected from what type of selection? directional selection stabilizing selection asexual selection disruptive/diversifying selectionarrow_forwardConsider the graph below. This is an example of what kind of natural selection? stabilizing diversifying directional O purifyingarrow_forwardIn a population of snails, snails with thicker shells are less likely to be preyed on by crabs than snails with thinner shells. Over time, you observe that the mean shell thickness of the population increases over successive snail generations. This is an example of None of the other answers is correct Stabilizing selection Directional selection Disruptive selectionarrow_forward
- In many cases, one type of organism puts selection on another, so they evolve together. For example, flowers and the pollinators. This is called artificial selection Above statement True or False? give explanationarrow_forwardA small population of deer (male and female) of reproductive age are introduced to an island. All the males have 11-13 points on their antlers. After several generations, most of the male offspring have 20pts on their antlers. What is this an example of? natural selection with a directional mode natural selection stabilizing selection natural selection with a stabilizing modė O directional selection sexual selection with a disruptional modearrow_forwardCreation and presence of variation are directionless, but natural selection is directional as it is in the context of adaptation. Comment.arrow_forward
- When imbalances occur in the sex ratio of sexual species that have two sexes (i.e other than a 50:50 ratio). the members of the minority sex often receive a greater proportion of care and resources from parents then do the offspring of the majority sex. this is most clearly an example of? genetic drift, directional selection, frequency dependent selection, stabilizing selection, or postzygotic barrierarrow_forwardGenetic drift differs from gene flow in that Group of answer choices genetic drift occurs at a steady, but low, rate in all populations while gene flow is largely random event occurring in small populations. genetic drift is most likely to produce a loss of genetic diversity in a population whereas gene flow will often increase genetic diversity in a population. none of these choices adequately describe the difference between genetic drift and gene flow. genetic drift is based on female choice of particular mates but gene flow is largely a product of natural selection.arrow_forwardWhich of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time? Group of answer choices Variation between individuals is not heritable. The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate. The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present. The population size is large.arrow_forward
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