Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19.3, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The Hardy-Weinberg equation defines that the allele and genotype frequency remain constant if no disturbing forces are acting. The population will follow Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if the following conditions are met: no mutation and natural selection, the population is infinite in size, and individuals should mate randomly.
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A population consists of 100 individuals of the following genotypes:
AA
55
Aa
20
0.14
0.2
0.25
0.35
0.55
0.65
0.75
0.8
aa
25
What is the frequency of the A allele?
60 individuals have the genotype AA28 individuals have the genotype Aa12 individuals have the genotype aaWhat is the frequency of the A allele?Think of how many alleles in total?hint: add up the number of A alleles in this population: AA= 60+60 and Aa= 28.Add those together and divide by the total number of alleles.
A scientist is studying a wild population of Japanese morning glories. It is easy to separate genotypes at a flower color locus by their phenotypes. Red individuals are homozygous for the R allele, yellow individuals are homozygous for the Y allele, and orange individuals are heterozygous. If the number of individuals with the following genotypes are:
RR: 831 RY: 33 YY: 442
Is the population in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.1 - The phrase an organism evolves is incorrect....Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.2 - Explain how geography played a key role in the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.2 - Homologous traits show similarities because the...Ch. 19.3 - What is the frequency of pink flowers in a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Lets suppose the climate on an island abruptly...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19.5 - How does the bottleneck effect undermine the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - How does migration affect the genetic compositions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.6 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - An evolutionary change in which a population of...Ch. 19 - Homology occurs because different species occupy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - The micro-evolutionary factor most sensitive to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 19 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- In a hypothetical population of 1000 people, test of blood type genes show that 150 have the genotype AA, 550 have the genotype AB, and 300 have the genotype BB. Calculate the allele and genotype frequencies for this population (calculate to 2 significant figures): Allele frequencies Frequency of the A allele: p = _________ Frequency of the B allele: q = _________ Genotype frequencies Frequency of AA: p2 = __________ Frequency of BB: q2 = __________ Frequency of AB: 2pq = _________arrow_forwardSay you have a lab population of 1000 dragonflies that is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Body color is determined by a single gene with 2 alleles. The white body color phenotype is due to the homozygous recessive phenotype. Out of the 1000 dragonflies, 250 are white. Heterozygous and homozygous dominant individuals are green. What is the allele frequency of the recessive form of the gene? Group of answer choices 0.5 1 0 0.25 0.15arrow_forwardWhy can all the allele and genotype frequencies in a population be determined based on the number of recessive individuals in the population? Recessive individuals are represented by only q2 and dominant are represented by both 2pq and p2 Recessive individuals are represented by only p2 and dominant are represented by both 2pq and q2 Recessive individuals are represented by q and dominant are represented by p Recessive individuals are rare and thus less in numbers making it easier to calculatearrow_forward
- A population is made up of individuals where 77 have the A1A1 genotype, 65 have the A1 A2 genotype, and 123 have the A2A2 genotype. What is the allele frequency of A1? Answer to 2 decimal places.arrow_forwardThere are 5 individuals in a population. Blue is dominant to orange and there is 1 homozygous dominant, 1 heterozygote, and 3 homozygous recessive individuals. What is the observed allele frequency of the orange allele?arrow_forwardpopulation is black in colour but about 1/4 of them are white. gene (B) that produces an enzyme that converts a pigment molecule to produce the Black colour. There are 2 alleles of this gene - the dominant B and the recessive b. DNA analysis shows that black individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype and that white individuals have a bb phenotype. However, you have discovered that a small percentage of White individuals have either a BB or Bb genotype. Explain two reasons that could explain this apparent anomaly. They have a BB or Bb genotype but a white phenotype.arrow_forward
- The frequency of a recessive allele in a population is 50%. What is the frequency of the dominant allele?arrow_forwardIf all copies of a given locus have the same allele throughout the population, the allele frequency is (a) 0 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.5 (d) 1.0 (e) 10.0arrow_forwardThe condition called prosis is caused by a fully dominant allele in humans. An individual with prosis has a deformed eyelid and cannot open his or her eyelid completely. Individuals with prosis occur in U.S. populations about 1 in 16,000 births. What is the allele frequency of the dominant allele for prosis in this population? O 0.0000462 0.0001300 O 0.0079057 0.00003125 O 0.0000625arrow_forward
- When a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium which one of the following is true? Group of answer choices Genotypic frequencies change generation after generation. One can calculate the recessive allele frequency directly from the number of homozygous recessive phenotypes seen. Individuals of the same genotype are most likely to mate. Allele frequencies change generation after generation.arrow_forwardSuppose a population of organisms is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with respect to a gene that has two alleles, Y and y. The YY genotype has a frequency of 0.11, the Yy genotype has a frequency of 0.44, and the y genotype has a frequency of 0.45. Calculate the frequency of each allele to two decimal places. Y allele frequency: y allele frequency:arrow_forwardA species of fox may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown foxes have the genotype BB or Bb. White foxes have the genotype bb. The frequency in a population of foxes of the BB genotype is 0.27 B. Assuming that this population is operating under HWE, calculate the following: What is the frequency of the B allele in this population? What is the frequency of the b allele in this population? What is the frequency of heterozygous foxes in this population?arrow_forward
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