Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Horizontal gene transfer is the mechanism of acquisition of one organism’s genetic information in another organism of a different species that has no parent-daughter connection. The foundation about horizontal gene transfer occurred as an answer to the question of accumulating several bacterial genes in protests.
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An infectious disease research group is studying a microbe that can cause infections and gastrointestinal disease in humans, and which can also survive and reproduce in hamsters. A dormant cyst form of the microbe infects human hosts through fecal-oral transmission if they come in contact with hamster droppings and don’t wash their hands before eating. The organism exhibits active, motile morphological forms at other stages of its life cycle. Sexual reproduction (fusion of haploid gametes) occurs in the hamsters; only asexual reproduction occurs in humans. It has a nucleus, but does NOT have a cell wall. This microbe could be which of the following?
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Describe IN YOUR OWN words what the “endosymbiotic theory” is. What evidence supports this hypothesis? Be detailed. How does this theory relate to cell biology and to evolution?
DO NOT JUST COPY AND PASTE PLEASE!
Genetically speaking, prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes because:
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Refer back to Figure 4.8. Which of the three...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.4 - An analysis of the number of neutral genetic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 21 - Which type of taxon consists of organisms with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 21 - What is a molecular clock? How is it used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Like all eukaryotes, the protozoan Giardia has undergone lateral gene transfer as shown by the presence of the gene cpn60 in its nuclear genome. What does cpn60 do in Giardia? OA. It has no known function. OB. It codes for an essential transcription factor. O C. It codes for a component of the electron transport chain. OD. It codes for a molecular chaperone that aids in the folding of mitochondrial protein.arrow_forwardWhich of the processes named here is the LEAST likely to contribute to the evolution of genetic diversity of bacteria and archaea? Group of answer choices Horizontal gene transfer Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Mutationarrow_forwardConjugation differs from sexual reproduction because conjugation Group of answer choices transfers DNA horizontally, to cells in the same generation transfers DNA vertically, to new cells replicates DNA transfers DNA horizontally, to the offpringarrow_forward
- Particles that transfer genetic material from one species to another, especially in marine prokaryotes horizontal gene transfer lateral gene transfer genome fusion device gene transfer agentsarrow_forwardWhat are the properties of genetic material? Must encode information. The information must be used to direct the functioning of cellular processes. The information must be transmissible from generation to generation and from cell to cell. There must be the potential for mutation that can result in the physical variation that exists among individuals and between species. All the above are correct.arrow_forwardIn contrast to eukaryotic cells, bacteria Choose one of the answers below: contain a single circular chromosome. divide by prokaryotic fission. cannot be infected by viruses. contain RNA as genetic material. a and b, but not c or darrow_forward
- Which of the following do Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes NOT have in common? Select all that apply. Shared metabolic pathways Similar apparatus for conservation of chemical energy as ATP contain a membrane bound nucleus Have different genome characteristics. Bacteria have circular chromosomes, and Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes Cvtoskeletal filaments Cell division. Bacteria divide by binary fission, and Eukaryotes divide by mitosis and meiosisarrow_forwardSelect all of the following that provide evidence about the support to the Theory of Endosymbiosis. U U U Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA Chloroplasts and mitochondria are present in prokaryotic bacteria Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free-living prokaryotesarrow_forwardConsider that two bacteria produced by binary fission do not have the same phenotype. The most likely explanation is that they are genetically different. the cells are not undergoing transcription and translation. the cells have different cell wall compositions. they have different gene expression.arrow_forward
- Based on genes from mitochordrial DNA the most accepted tree of life includes three domains. Eukaryotes and archaea are most closely related to each other than either are to bacteria. MRNA rRNA TRNA 0000arrow_forwardDo bacteria and archaea have more or less diversity than eukaryotic organisms? Choose the best reason why or why not. Group of answer choices Bacteria and archaea are LESS diverse. One reason is that they cannot become resistant to antibiotics. Bacteria and archaea are MORE diverse. One reason is that they transfer genes asexually through horizontal gene transfer. Bacteria and archaea are MORE diverse. One reason is that they can become resistant to antibiotics. Bacteria and archaea are LESS diverse. One reason is that they transfer genes asexually through horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a reason for the high levels of bacterial genetic diversity? mutation rapid reproduction genetic recombnation vertical gene transferarrow_forward
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