Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 9TY
The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie one that is the simplest is termed
- homology.
- cladistics.
- the principle of parsimony.
- a molecular clock.
- both b and d.
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A group of individuals that can interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring would be considered to be a species according to the
Ophylogenetic species concept.
Obiological species concept.
evolutionary species concept.
Oecological species concept.
general lineage concept.
When comparing traits between two organisms in order to determine evolutionary relationships, the wings of birds and the wings of butterflies is an example of which of the following?
Group of answer choices
analogous traits
traits useful in constructing cladograms
shared derived traits
homologous traits
For novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Refer back to Figure 4.8. Which of the three...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.4 - An analysis of the number of neutral genetic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 21 - Which type of taxon consists of organisms with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 21 - What is a molecular clock? How is it used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- When using a cladistic approach to systematics, which of the following is considered most important for the formation of a taxon? Question 26 options: polyphyletic characters shared derived characters overall phenotypic similarity analogous charactersarrow_forwardA character-based method that infers a phylogenetic tree by minimizing the total number of evolutionary steps to explain the evolutionary relationship between species or taxa. 2 0 0 0 Maximum Likelihood Maximum Parsimony Neighbor-Joining Minimum-Evolutionarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about cladograms? Cladograms are used to show the organisms that are phenotypically different Cladograms are constructed to represent the sequence of events that took place in Earth Cladograms are used to show the sequence of organisms that arise on Earth Cladograms are used to represent the evolutionary relationships between groups of animalsarrow_forward
- The most parsimonious phylogenetic tree requires the fewest evolutionary events as measured by the origin of shared derived morphological characters. When the phylogeny is based on DNA the most parsimonious tree requires fewer base changes. True Falsearrow_forwardThe Sweedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus is recognized as the first individual to generate a unified taxonomic system. Which of the following statements regarding the work of Linnaeus is accurate? Select all that apply. Check All That Applyarrow_forwardThe biological species concept primarily focuses on which of the following criteria for defining a species? Interbreeding and reproductive isolation Phylogenetic relationships Ecological roles Morphological similaritiesarrow_forward
- A clustering algorithm that requires the knowledge of the distance between species or taxa to create a phylogenetic tree. Maximum Likelihood Maximum Parsimony Neighbor-Joining Minimum-Evolutionarrow_forwardwhat is phylogeny? A group whose members share one or more defining derived traits The evolutionary history of a species or a group of species The process of making hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among cladesarrow_forwardIt is the proportion of replicate phylogenies that recovered a particular clade from the original phylogeny built using the original alignment. This also serves as a confidence level that at out of 100, how many times the same branch is observed when repeating the generation of a phylogenetic tree on a resampled set of data. OOO Branch length Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUS) Branch node Bootstrap valuearrow_forward
- Define the following terms in your own words: Homologous character Character state Clade Cladogramarrow_forwardWhat are potential applications of cladistics and phylogenetics? Select all that apply. Assess the relatedness of different species and genera within a family of organisms Predict pathogen-host associations and potential disease risk in target populations Correlate evolutionary divergences among a species with the behavior and dispersal patterns of existing populations Assess the diversity of target species or groups for conservation effortsarrow_forwardAn inferential clustering method of phylogeny that considers probabilities of character state changes from a precise evolutionary model and considers the driving forces of evolution. It is also regarded as the most complex clustering algorithm in phylogenetic analysis yet the most accurate. OOOO Maximum Likelihood Maximum Parsimony Neighbor-Joining Minimum-Evolutionarrow_forward
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