Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21.3, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To analyze: The
Introduction:
Shared derived character is a character that is shared by two or more species or taxa and has originated in their most recent common ancestor.
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
(a) Explain how comparing the sequence of bases of genes and the sequenoe
of amino acids of diferent proteins helps to determine evolutonary
relationships between species
(3 marks)
The table shows the number of cytochrome c amino
acid differences as compared to human cytochrome c. (see 2-point scoring rubric)
Monkey
Rabbit Shark Tuna Turtle
Number of amino
acid differences
compared to human
cytochrome c
Frog
9
Horse
5
1
4
14
11
8
4. Suppose that two species, A and B, appear similarly but have molecular homoplasy, while species
B and C appear differently but have molecular homology. Which pair of species is more likely to
be closely related? Explain.
DNA from species A, labeled with 14N and randomly fragmented, is renatured with an equal concentration of DNA from species B, labeled with 15N and randomly fragmented, and then centrifuged to equilibrium in CsCl. 5% of the total renatured DNA has a hybrid density. What fraction of the base sequence is common to the two species?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Refer back to Figure 4.8. Which of the three...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.4 - An analysis of the number of neutral genetic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 21 - Which type of taxon consists of organisms with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 21 - What is a molecular clock? How is it used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CBQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The following two sequences represent the same gene from two different species: Assume that all changes in the third position are synonymous and all in the first and second positions are nonsynonymous. a) How many synonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? b) How many nonsynonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? c) How many synonymous substitutions are there between species? d) How many nonsynonymous substitutions are there between species? e) What is the dN/dS ratio? f) What does the dN/dS ratio tell you about the evolution of this sequence? Finally, It has been hypothesized that population size affects genome size. What is the proposed relationship? How can it be explained?arrow_forwardWhat are some applications of nucleic acid hybridization inmolecular biology?arrow_forward| His Terrapin Black-knobbed Quachita Ringed Pasa cogola yellow-botiched Pearl River Barbour's Alabama Es tambiaarrow_forward
- Compare each of the terms below. For each of the sets, give at least three arguments, either two differences and one resemblance, or one difference and two similarities. a) Poly A headdress and tail b) Ligase and helicase c) Amino acid and nitrogenous basearrow_forwardYou have purified cytochrome C from a newly discovered species of bacteria called VCU. When you obtain the amino acid sequence you compare it to the cytochrome C amino acid sequence from other bacterial species. Species A- 16 amino acid differences with VCU Species B- 3 amino scid differences with VCU Species C- 6 amino acid differences with VCU Species D- 18 amino acid differences with VCU List the bacterial species (A-D) from closest related to VCU to most distantly related to VCUarrow_forwardA mutational event inserts an extra nucleotide pair intoDNA. Which of the following outcomes do you expect?(1) No protein at all; (2) a protein in which one aminoacid is changed; (3) a protein in which three amino acidsare changed; (4) a protein in which two amino acids arechanged; (5) a protein in which most amino acids afterthe site of the insertion are changed.arrow_forward
- What are pseudoalleles? Please give examples and explanations.arrow_forwardWhat is molecular complementarity?arrow_forwardAn analysis of an octopus’s DNA determines that the nitrogen base thymine makes up 18 percent of the genome. Which of the following best represents the percent of guanine Chargaff would have found in the octopus’s genome?arrow_forward
- You have four sequences from A-D representing four species: A: AAATTGATTAC B: TAATTGGTTAC C: AAATTGGTTGA D: AAATTGATTGA A is your outgroup. Take a piece of paper and illustrate the three possible trees that are different from each other. 1) Answer the question of why there are only three trees. Aren't there more trees possible? 2) Mark the changes in nucleotides that happen among the four species on the trees or write them down separately. Then calculate the shortest possible tree. This is the most parsimonious option. Which one is it? 3) Why does this tree not necessarily depict the true relationship among the four species? Illustrate and answer all questions on paper. Then take a picture of the paper with your cell phone. Make sure everything is in focus, i.e., go over the picture and take it again, if necessary. All your answers and the trees need to be clearly visible.arrow_forwardHow do the following genomic features of prokaryotic organisms compare with those of eukaryotic organisms? How do they compare among eukaryotes? a. Genome size b. Number of genes c. Gene density (bp/gene) d. Number of exonsarrow_forwardConstruct the data matrix From the DNA sequence data from the 5 taxa. (Hint: there are three variable nucleotide sites, which are the characters) Map all three characters onto both mypotheses using two Colors (same as in Activity 6). 3 position 111111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 ATTGCGGCCTGTATG Taxon A Taxon B ATGGCGGGCTGTAAG Taxon C ATTGCGGGCTGTATG Taxon D ATTGCGGGCTGTAAG Taxon E ATGGCGGCCTGTATG 1 Determine the treelength of both hypotheses and fill in 3 the treelength and Justify Text minimum number of changes in the table on the lower right. Then compute the CI for both hypotheses and put a checkmark or X to indicate which one is the most parsimonious and which one is the most accurate. 4 Character/ states Taxon A Use the most accurate phylogeny to infer the origin of the new fungal pathogen Taxon B Hypothesis Treelength Minimum CI Most parsimonious Most accurate Taxon C Taxon D 1 taxon taxon A taxon B taxon C taxon D taxon E Taxon E Minimum 2 origin Florida (new) Mexico China…arrow_forward
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