Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 2CBQ
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The use of systematics to build phylogenetic trees & the concept of parsimony
Introduction:
The term systematics stands to describe the study of biological diversity based on evolutionary relationships. This study allows placing organisms into taxonomic groups.
Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary history of a specific organism. Biologists can have an idea about a phylogeny of an organism by contrasting & comparing specific characteristics of species. This is related to systematics.
In the concept of parsimony, it says that the out of the possible explanations the simplest one have the highest probability to be the correct one.
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Discuss the role of clades and derived characters in constructing phylogenetic trees
Describe the process we use to infer the phylogenetic relationships
of a set of living organisms.
Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the picture.
In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?
How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Refer back to Figure 4.8. Which of the three...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.4 - An analysis of the number of neutral genetic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 21 - Which type of taxon consists of organisms with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 21 - What is a molecular clock? How is it used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the first picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate? How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD? Given the following organisms in the Table in the second picture, number them in terms of which is relatively closest and distant. Number 1 refers to closest.arrow_forwardBased on the past activities about constructing of phylogenetic trees, how do you distinguish characteristics between primitive and derived characteristics? provide and example to your answerarrow_forwardDiscuss how the principle of parsimony can be used in a cladistics approach to constructing a phylogenetic tree.arrow_forward
- Define homology and homoplasy and explain their connection to the concept of parsimony in phylogenetic analysis. Provide an example of each and discuss the challenges they may present when inferring evolutionary relationships.arrow_forwardDraw a simple phylogenetic tree and identify a node, a branch, and an outgroup.arrow_forwardConstruct a character matrix with at least five characters for organisms beetle, pigeon, perch, salamander, and a mouse. (Pay attention to eyes, legs, number legs, antennae, body type/form; not limited to here). Then construct a phylogenetic tree using the character matrix and map the synapomorphies.arrow_forward
- Discuss the problems in developing an accurate phylogenetic tree. Do you think it is possible to create a completely accurate universal phylogenetic tree? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardDo you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? (Write 4 points)arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license