Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 21, Problem 8TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Systematics is the study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationship of organisms. Taxonomy is a part of systematics which used to name, describe and classify organisms into similar groups. By studying the similarities and differences among these groups, systematists construct a phylogeny which is the evolutionary history of species.
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IDENTIFY:
A component of taxonomy that refers to the formal naming of taxa according to a standardized system.
Remembering the order of the taxonomic system from Domain to species is something you will need to know. One method to memorize a list is to use a Mnenomic device. The two best devices for taxonomy are either an Acronym or an Acrostic. Please see this link OR ask instructor if you need help on this! Examples of Mnemonic devices
What is your Mnemonic device for the following list (in this order)?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Choose the correct descriptions for synapomorphies and apomorphies.
Synapomorphy: A derived trait unique to a single species
Synapomorphy: A shared derived trait that unites a group of organisms
Apomorphy: A trait shared by all members of a group due to common ancestry
Apomorphy: A derived trait that can be unique to a single species
Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Refer back to Figure 4.8. Which of the three...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.4 - An analysis of the number of neutral genetic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 21 - Which type of taxon consists of organisms with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 21 - What is a molecular clock? How is it used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Using the taxonomic categories (domain, kingdom, ...etc), compare the taxonomic classification of humans and pigs. Compare and contrast on each level and describe the similarities or differences at each level using the table below. Similarity/Difference Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Speciesarrow_forwardBranch, clade and monophyletic group are perfectly synonymous. Select one: True or Falsearrow_forwardCreate a document with a list of the 8 levels of the taxonomic classification system. Research one organism from each of the following categories: bacteria, fungi, plant, fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal. Fill in the correct scientific name for each of the taxonomic levels beginning at domain. Compare and contrast the taxonomic profile of the organisms in the document below your list. How would you identify which organisms have more characteristics in common? Create a phylogenetic tree of the organisms that you selected.arrow_forward
- Define the following terms in your own words: Taxonomy Classification Description Hierarchy Identification Nomenclature Systematics Phylogeny Character Analogous character Homologous character Character state Clade Cladogramarrow_forwardWhen using a cladistic approach to systematics, which of the following is considered most important for the formation of a taxon? Question 26 options: polyphyletic characters shared derived characters overall phenotypic similarity analogous charactersarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct about the hierarchy of the taxonomic system currently used to classify organisms? Many different families of organisms belong to the same order. Many different orders of organisms belong to the same species. Many different classes of organisms belong to the same genus. Many different kingdoms of organisms belong to the same phylum.arrow_forward
- The Sweedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus is recognized as the first individual to generate a unified taxonomic system. Which of the following statements regarding the work of Linnaeus is accurate? Select all that apply. Check All That Applyarrow_forwardDefine the two major approaches used to classify organisms: phenetics and cladistics. Describe one strength and one weakness of each approacharrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about classification (choose all that apply)? Group of answer choices it requires an understanding of evolution and inheritance it is used to help organize the vast amount of biological diversity it is fundamentally based on evolutionary relationships the designation of taxonomic groups never changes it was initially based on the assumption that morphologies are similar in related organismsarrow_forward
- With the given name/s or situation, identify the appropriate rule or principle that must be or was considered. Choices: Principle of binomial nomenclature, principle of priority, principle of coordination, principle of the first reviser, principle of homonymy, principle of typification When Rattus as a genus name was established, its species name, Rattus norvegicus was also automatically established. Noctua Linnæus, 1758 (Lepidoptera) and Noctua Gmelin (Sauropsida) Limax maculatus was established in 1837 by Nunneley. However, it was found that Wiktor has already established Limax maximus (Gastropoda) in 1758. Since L. maximus was the senior synonym, it takes precedence over L. maculatus and it was used for the species. The species name of giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis.arrow_forwardin our system of classification, organism R and X are placed in the same group. Organism B is placed in a different group. This tells you: R and X are less closely related to each other than to B B and R are more closely related to each other than to X X and B are more closely related to each other than to R R and X are more closely related to each other than to B none of these organisms are relatedarrow_forwardWhich of the following best defines phylogeny? a discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships. a scientific discipline concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life. a classification system based on morphological similarities between species. the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.arrow_forward
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