Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21.5, Problem 1TYK
Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer?
- a mating between two different species, such as a horse and a donkey, to produce a mule
- the passage of genes from a mother cell to two daughter cells during cell division
- the transfer of an antibiotic-resistance gene from one bacterial species to a different species
- both a and c
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All of these are example of the horizontal gene transfer EXCEPT:
transduction
transferring genes via a bacteriophage
transformation
transmutation
conjugation
Fill-in the blanks in the figure below:
conjugation
genetic variation
antibiotic resistance
DNA replication
binary fission
genetic recombination
antibiotics
mutations
(9)
may be acquired
from other cells
through
combines DNA
from different
cells, resulting in
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may not kill
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may
result
from
contribute to
contributes to
is passed from
parent to
offspring through
are mistakes
that usually
occur during
kill sensitive
bacteria or interfere
with
occurs during
propagates through
a growing bacterial
population via
Which of the following is most responsible for horizontal gene transfer?
Non-orthologous gene displacement
Viruses
Gene duplication
Gene fusion
Chapter 21 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Refer back to Figure 4.8. Which of the three...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21.3 - What shared derived character is common to the...
Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 21.4 - An analysis of the number of neutral genetic...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.5 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - Which of the following is the correct order of the...Ch. 21 - Which type of taxon consists of organisms with the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - The concept that the preferred hypothesis is (lie...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10TYCh. 21 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 21 - What is a molecular clock? How is it used in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 21 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 21 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Review the Process Diagram, Figure 8.9, and answer this question.The type of horizontal gene transfer that involves a physical connection between two bacterial cells is transduction. expression. conjugation. transformation. recombination.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of horizontal genetransfer?a. The transfer of a gene from one strain of E. coli to a differentstrain via conjugationb. The transfer of a gene from one strain of E. coli to a differentstrain via transductionc. The transfer of an antibiotic resistance gene from E. coli toSalmonella typhimurium via transformationd. All of the above are examples of horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forwardPart A: Which of the following is not a reason that microbes benefit from horizontal gene transfer? cells can acquire useful traits quickly. all new types of DNA are good. genetic diversity is ehanced. All examples are reasons that microbes benefit. Part B:Transposable elements can do all of the following except move from one position to another in a chromosome. cause disruption in genes in which they insert. move from one cell to another. copy themselves, and the copy can insert somewhere else.arrow_forward
- Bacteria have an enormous ability to adapt to new conditions. Which two of the following are they main factors behind this phenomenon? New mutations occur continuously with very high frequency in the genome of bacteria Bacteria generally have small genomes Bacteria have a short generation time The rate of DNA synthesis is very high in bacteria Presence of a selection pressure.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer? a. the transmission of an eye color gene from father to daughter b. the transmission of a mutant gene causing cystic fibrosis from father to daughter c. the transmission of a gene conferring pathogenicity (the ability to cause disease) from one bacterial species to another d. the transmission of a gene conferring antibiotic resistance from a mother cell to its two daughter cells e. all of the abovearrow_forwardAntibiotics such as tetracycline, streptomycin, and bacitracin are small organic molecules that are synthesized by particular species of bacteria. Microbiologists have hypothesized that the reason why certain bacteria make antibiotics is to kill other species that occupy the same environment. Bacteria that produce an antibiotic may be able to kill competing species. Eliminating competitors provides more resources for the antibiotic-producing bacteria. In addition, bacteria that have the genes necessary for antibiotic biosynthesis contain genes that confer resistance to the same antibiotic. For example, tetracycline is made by the soil bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. Besides the genes that are needed to make tetracycline, S. aureofaciens also has genes that confer tetracycline resistance; otherwise, it would kill itself when it makes tetracycline. In recent years, however, many other species of bacteria that do not synthesize tetracycline have acquired the genes that confer…arrow_forward
- The Kishony performed a simple but elegant experiment using a “mega-plate.” Which of the following is a fair conclusion that can be drawn from this study? The majority of antibiotic resistance occurs via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between Actinobacteria Sensitive bacteria may acquire resistance to high concentrations of the antibiotic through many mutations Bacteria will gradually lose resistance to an antibiotic if you plate them on a large enough plate Bacteria will migrate via chemotaxis away from recombinant phage used in phage therapyarrow_forwardis a type of experiment which shows that the fate of a cell sometimes depends on the interaction with its neighboring cells, even if those cells are destroyed. Recombination experiment O Transgenic experiment Transplantation experiment Defect experiment Isolation experimentarrow_forwardTransformation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that involves random mutation. physical contact between cells. viral infection. acquisition of DNA from the environment.arrow_forward
- Conjugation differs from other means of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria cells because conjugation requires cell division. a bacteriophage virus. physical contact between the bacteria cells by a pili. heat-killed cells to release their DNA. DNA replication.arrow_forwardA mutation occurs in a single bacterium that causes it to produce a new enzyme. This enzyme helps the bacterium process nutrients more efficiently, increasing the bacterium's odds of survival. Every 30 minutes, the bacteria in the colony divide, passing their genes on to their offspring. Some bacteria survive, while others do not. Because resources are limited, the colony has a steady population of 114 bacteria. The bacterial colony is shown below at three different time intervals. The picture would be here: Assume that the survival trend shown in the diagram continues. At 3.0 hours, the mutant bacteria will make up _____ percent of the entire colony.arrow_forwardParticles that transfer genetic material from one species to another, especially in marine prokaryotes horizontal gene transfer lateral gene transfer genome fusion device gene transfer agentsarrow_forward
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